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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Laser-Fiber Connection. Content. Launching optical power into a fiber Fiber-to-Fiber coupling Fiber Splicing and connectors. Coupling Efficiency. [5-1]. Source. Optical Fiber. Radiance (Brightness) of the source.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Laser-Fiber Connection

  2. Content • Launching optical power into a fiber • Fiber-to-Fiber coupling • Fiber Splicing and connectors

  3. Coupling Efficiency [5-1] Source Optical Fiber

  4. Radiance (Brightness) of the source • B= Optical power radiated from a unit area of the source into a unit solid angle [watts/(square centimeter per stradian)]

  5. Surface emitting LEDs have a Lambertian pattern: [5-2]

  6. Edge emitting LEDs and laser diodes radiation pattern [5-3] For edge emitting LEDs, L=1

  7. Power Coupled from source to the fiber [5-4]

  8. Power coupled from LED to the Fiber [5-5]

  9. Power coupling from LED to step-index fiber • Total optical power from LED: [5-6] [5-7]

  10. Equilibrium Numerical Aperture

  11. Examples of possible lensing schemes used to improve optical source-to-fiber coupling efficiency

  12. Laser diode to Fiber Coupling

  13. Fiber-to-Fiber Joint • Fiber-to-Fiber coupling loss: • Low loss fiber-fiber joints are either: 1-Splice (permanent bond) 2- Connector (demountable connection) [5-8]

  14. Different modal distribution of the optical beam emerging from a fiber lead to different degrees of coupling loss. a) when all modes are equally excited, the output beam fills the entire output NA. b) for a steady state modal distribution, only the equilibrium NA is filled by the output beam.

  15. Mechanical misalignment losses Lateral (axial) misalignment loss is a dominant Mechanical loss. [5-9]

  16. Longitudinal offset effect Losses due to differences in the geometry and waveguide characteristics of the fibers [5-10] E & R subscripts refer to emitting and receiving fibers.

  17. Experimental comparison of Loss as a function of mechanical misalignment

  18. Fiber end face Fiber end defects

  19. Fiber splicing Fusion Splicing

  20. V-groove optical fiber splicing

  21. Optical Fiber Connectors • Some of the principal requirements of a good connector design are as follows: 1- low coupling losses 2- Interchangeability 3- Ease of assembly 4- Low environmental sensitivity 5- Low-cost and reliable construction 6- Ease of connection

  22. Connector Return Loss

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