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Exploring CCD and Modern Image Sensor Technologies: A Comprehensive Overview

Discover the evolution of image sensors, focusing on the Kodak KAF-400 CCD and its specifications for 1/20 second exposure time. Understand the relationship between pixel size, signal accumulation, and image quality. This overview contrasts CCD sensors with modern alternatives like CMOS and CID technologies, highlighting their advantages, such as dynamic range and integration capabilities. Additionally, delve into specialized sensors for unique applications, including night vision and X-ray imaging. Explore a collection of resources and insights, including technical documents and articles from various courses.

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Exploring CCD and Modern Image Sensor Technologies: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. image sensors image sensors:real device implementations 1

  2. image sensors my favorite (but now old) CCD …

  3. image sensors 3

  4. image sensors Kodak KAF-400 CCD specs must mean for 1/20 second exposure time 4

  5. image sensors pixel size, signal, & signal-to-noise charge accumulates at a rate proportion to light intensity per unit area of pixel capacitance is proportional to pixel area so for a given light intensity, exposure time, and cell depth, the signal voltage (accumulated charge / cell capacitance)is independent of cell area but signal-to-noise improves with larger accumulated charge, hence with cell area 5

  6. image sensors additional reading in our AFS readings directory: • SENSORS02_05-image_sensors.pdf • apparently from somebody’s course • encompasses biological and electronic systems • I found it on the web • I don’t remember where & can’t find it again … • sensorsCaptureAttention.pdf • comprehensive article on CMOS image sensors 6

  7. image sensors other (not CCD) kinds of modern image sensors 7

  8. image sensors CID: charge injection device • CCDs are inherently serial readout: no way to address an individual pixel • could realize better dynamic range, electronic zooming, etc., if could address individual pixels • CID has been promising “around the corner” possibility for ~20 years 8

  9. image sensors CMOS image sensors • uses sametechnology asstandard memorychips • economical:uses highly-tunedhigh-volumeproduction • allows highdegree ofintegrationbetween imagingand imageprocessing 9

  10. image sensors Foveon: color-film in silicon (with lots of material processing compromises to achieve correct filtering and decent transmission) 10

  11. image sensors special purposehybrid devicese.g., “night vision”,“image intensifiers”etc 11

  12. image sensors X-ray image intensifier similar hybrid methods used in “night vision scopes” (Russian  cheap) 12

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