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The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a step-by-step approach to problem solving that involves observing, collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories supported by data. This process helps scientists make generalizations and explain phenomena.

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The Scientific Method

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  1. The Scientific Method

  2. Scientific Method A logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data

  3. Steps to the Scientific Method Note: These steps may vary depending on the nature of the problem.

  4. Step 1: Observing & Collecting Data • There are two types of data • Qualitative – descriptive or non-numeric data • Examples: color, relative size, shape • Quantitative – numerical data • Examples: length, weight, temperature

  5. Qualitative or Quantitative? • Golden retriever • Weighs 75 pounds • 6 years old • Has a black nose • Soft • Friendly

  6. Qualitative or Quantitative? • Golden retriever • Weighs 75 pounds • 6 years old • Has a black nose • Soft • Friendly

  7. Step 2: Formulating Hypotheses • Scientists examine their data to find relationships and patterns so they can make generalizations. • Generalization – statements that apply to a range of information • Hypothesis – a testable statement that is formulated from generalizations

  8. Step 3: Testing Hypotheses • Experiment – An activity where data is collected to test a hypothesis

  9. Step 4: Theorizing • When data shows that a hypothesis is supported, scientists try to explain what they are studying by constructing a model. • Model – an explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related; may be visual, verbal, or mathematical • Theory – A broad generalization that explains a body of facts

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