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Interactions

Among Living Things. Interactions . Predation. Some interactions occur because one organism is eaten by another. This is known as predation. The organism that is eaten is called the prey. The organism that eats the prey is called the predator. Competition.

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Interactions

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  1. Among Living Things Interactions

  2. Predation • Some interactions occur because one organism is eaten by another. This is known as predation. • The organism that is eaten is called the prey. • The organism that eats the prey is called the predator.

  3. Competition • Competition occurs where the resources are limited. This competition is instinctive. • Whenever two niches overlap, competition exists. • Organisms compete within their populations and communities for needed resources which often prevents population growth. • Competition within populations demonstrates survival of the fittest. • Competition within communities is satisfied by competitive exclusion. Example: the nuthatch and the brown creeper.

  4. Cooperation • Cooperation happens within a population as a matter of instinct, also. • One way organisms may cooperate is by living within a social hierarchy. A social hierarchy is a class system in which a population works. • Queen bee and worker bees • Army Ants (queen ant, soldier ants, worker ants)

  5. Symbiosis • Symbiosis is a close long-term association between two or more species. • There are three kinds of symbiotic relationships: • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism

  6. Mutualism • In symbiotic relationships involving mutualism both organisms benefit. • Coral and algae have a mutalistic relationship because coral provides a home for the algae, algae provides food for the coral. • Sea anemone and clown fish

  7. Commensalism • In a symbiotic relationship involving commensalism, one organism benefits but the other is unaffected. • Remoras and sharks have a commensalistic relationship. Remoras hitch a ride on the shark and eat food left by the shark. The shark is unaffected.

  8. Parasitism • In a parasitic relationship, one organism benefits and the other is harmed. • Tomato hornworms and wasps have a parasitic relationship. Female wasps lay eggs on the caterpillar; after hatching, the young wasps burrow into the caterpillar’s body. The wasp eats the caterpillar alive eventually causing its death.

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