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Citation

Citation. why?. What?. Quoting other people’s ideas, concepts, arguments, or theories to support ours. Types Parenthetical citations Footnotes End-notes. How?. Reporting. Reporting one person’s ideas. Example: Original text:

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Citation

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  1. Citation

  2. why?

  3. What? • Quoting other people’s ideas, concepts, arguments, or theories to support ours. • Types • Parenthetical citations • Footnotes • End-notes

  4. How?

  5. Reporting Reporting one person’s ideas. Example: Original text: • “To get to Spain is the best thing in the world,” states one illegal immigrant. Reported text: • According to one illegal immigrant, arriving in Spain was the best thing in the world.

  6. Direct quotes What • Aquote is the exactwording of the source material (either written or spoken). Quotes match the original source word for word. (Source: http://www.uhv.edu/ac/style/) When to quote • when another writer's language is particularly memorable and will add liveliness to your paper. • when another writer's language is so clear and economical that to make the same point in your own words would, by comparison, be ineffective. • when you want the solid reputation of a source to lend authority and credibility to your own writing. (Source: Pearson-Longman, A Sequence for Academic Writing, http://wps.ablongman.com/long_behrens_saw_1/1/337/86390.cw/)

  7. Paraphrase • A paraphrase is a detailed restatement in your own words of a written or sometimes spoken source material. Apart from the changes in organization, wording, and sentence structure, the paraphrase should be nearly identical in meaning to the original passage. It should also be near the same length as the original passage and present the details of the original. (Source: http://www.uhv.edu/ac/style/) When? • Paraphrasing is used most effectively when you want to present material written in language that is abstract, archaic, or highly technical. How to write paraphrases • Read the original to discern its purpose and meaning. • Substitute your own words for those of the source passage. • Rearrange your sentences so that they read smoothly. Reorder and restructure your sentences to improve coherence and style. (Source: Pearson-Longman, A Sequence for Academic Writing, http://wps.ablongman.com/long_behrens_saw_1/1/337/86390.cw/)

  8. summary • A summary is a condensed version of a passage. Similar to paraphrasing, summarizing involves using your own words and writing style to express another author's ideas. Unlike the paraphrase, which presents important details, the summary presents only the most important ideas of the passage. • (Source: http://www.uhv.edu/ac/style/) How? • Read the original text, highlight the important words. • Write one or two sentences to incorporate the important words in the same sequence they appear.

  9. Remember • University of Houston, Victoria states: “Source material cannot make your points for you. Source material can back up your points or provide material for you to argue against; therefore, you will typically have to introduce source material and comment on how it helps prove your point. Essentially, source material has no significance without your commentary to provide context and meaning.” (Source: http://www.uhv.edu/ac/style/quote.aspx)

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