1. Human Biology Bio 130 Nickolas V. Kapp Ph.D.

2. We have organized life and assume some relationships.

4. A look at Human Biology • Human Beings are related structurally and physically to animals. • In order to understand ourselves better we study every living thing from viruses, bacteria to mice and monkeys • Science gives a best guess as to what is going on in our bodies

5. Be organized from simple parts by basic rules. Obtain energy and matter from the environment Sense and respond Reproduce, grow, develop Have inheritance Evolve Maintain Homeostasis Our Culture separates us from other living things Life Is able to…7 things.

6. Making Observations Asking questions Forming hypothesis Making Predictions Testing by conducting experiments Draw a conclusion based on your results Things required The question must have an answer You can only test a single variable You need to use a control. Perform double blind tests. How do we know these things?The Scientific methodHypothetico-deductive approach

7. If the data from observation and experimentation support the hypothesis • We test it again. • Hypotheses that are not supported are abandoned. • A THEORY is supported by an overwhelming number of lines of evidence.

13. Critical Thinking Helps Us Make Informed Decisions

14. What is not science? • It happened to one person it can happen to me. • That’s the way its always been done so it should work. • ???

15. We are living organisms. The Human Body is designed to • Maintain internal operating conditions within a set limits. • Locate,acquire nutrients, process and dispose of waste. • Protect from injury, attack and wear and tear. • Reproduce successfully. • Laugh at bad jokes.

16. The adjustments that every living organism must do to preserve their internal environment Homeostasis

17. Negative feedback Thermoregulation At a setpoint the effector is turned off A signal causes an effect that reduces the signal. Positive feedback Birth Only removal of the stimulus reduces the signal A signal causes an effect that increases the signal. Modes of homeostatic control

18. Integumentary system Skeletal system Muscular system Nervous system Endocrine system Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system Respiratory system Digestive system Urinary system Reproductive system 11 organ systems that help maintain homeostatic control

19. DiscussionWhat does science and Technology mean to you?

20. Topic 2 The Chemistry of Life It’s the small things that make life good. Nick Kapp 2000

21. The Natural World Consists of Matter and Energy • Matter: anything that has mass and occupies space. • Energy: the capacity to do work • Which of these can be recycled?

22. The 4 most abundant elements of life • Elements, are the fundamental (smallest) particles of matter. • Nitrogen • Oxygen • Carbon • Hydrogen N O C H

24. Isotopes: all have same number of protons but different number of neutrons use? Radiodating Radiation therapy X-ray emission Important chemical bonds Ionic: opposites attract Covalent: atoms share electrons The polar covalent bonds of water Why is water so important to life? Some basic chemistry

26. Hydrophobic Hydrophilic Water hating Water loving (soluble) The human body is 2/3 water

28. Hydrogen ions play an important role in life • Molecules that donate a hydrogen ion (H+) are called acids. • Molecules that accept hydrogen ions are called bases. • The hydrogen ion concentration of a solution is called the pH. • Buffers minimize changes in ph.

29. The molecules of life:organic molecules • Monomer: one of something. • Dimer: two of something. • Polymer: many of something.

32. OH Estrogen (Estradiol) OH water Glucose 4 types of organic molecules make up the human body 2 or more atoms together make a molecule You are what you eat Not Organic

33. Carbohydrates: quick energy • Monomers are sugar (glucose) • saccaride = sugar • Oligosaccaride- sucrose or dextrins made of a few monomers • Polysaccharides- starch, fiber • CH2O

35. Lipids • Oils, fats, waxes, sterols • Energy storage, insulation, water proofing • Hormones • Hardening of membranes • CHO

38. Amino Acids, Proteins • AA is the monomer, Polymer is protein • Enzymes- catalysts that speed up reactions • Are sensitive to temperature, pressure, pH • Structural unit of hair, nails, cells, bone, cartilage and skin • Protease (All@the detergent with protein) • NOCH (some S)

42. Proteins are enzymes • And how do enzymes work?

46. Nucleic acids • DNA: Information storage, double stranded. • RNA: Information transfer. • ATP: Energy intermediates. • Enzyme cofactors (NADH2). • NOCH

49. Summary You are what you eat. Your body requires that you consume all of its subunits in your diet, or you use some of your energy to make those subunits. Bad bricks make a bad house

50. Topic 3: The Cell The smallest unit of life it the cell. Can you think of anything smaller? What is alive?