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Fasteners

Fasteners. Any device used to hold 2 or more pieces of material together or in place Shank – long stem part of a nail/screw. Laminate. Means to fasten 2 or more flat pieces together with an adhesive Adhesive - Sticky substance such as glue used to connect material together. Nails.

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Fasteners

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  1. Fasteners • Any device used to hold 2 or more pieces of material together or in place • Shank – long stem part of a nail/screw

  2. Laminate • Means to fasten 2 or more flat pieces together with an adhesive Adhesive - Sticky substance such as glue used to connect material together

  3. Nails • Fastener which is driven into material it holds ITEMS TO KNOW: • Use of nail • Desired length • Desired diameter

  4. Nail Lengths • Penny – unit of measure used to designate the length of nails • *Symbol – “d” • - The number of English pennies needed to purchase 100 nails of a given size

  5. Size Range • Common nail – 2d to 60d • Box nail – 2d to 40d • Finishing nail – 2d to 20d • Cut nail – 2d to 20d • Spike – 16d to 12 inches (aka 1 foot)

  6. Diameter – distance across the center of a circle • Common nail - general construction • Cut nail - used for nailing tongue & groove • Box nail – light household work

  7. Types of Nails • Finishing Nail – interior finished work • Shingle Nail – nailing shingles • Roofing Nail – used for rolled roofing • Plaster Nail – attach plaster to studs

  8. More Nails… • Hinge Nail – fasten hinges (duh) • Duplex Nail – electrical work & concrete • Wire Staple – wire fence construction • Lead Head Nail – nailing galvanized steel

  9. Nail Resistance Factors • 1. Shank Diameter • 2. Shank Type • 3. Wood Type/Hardness of Wood • 4. Moisture Content – Drier is Better! • 5. Angle of Nail to Grain of Wood • 6. Location of Nail in Wood – End, Middle

  10. Galvanized - Coated with zinc

  11. Phillips – phillips head (X) • Allen – 6 sided hole in head • Gauge – diameter of shank • (2 - 24) • (6 – 8 - 10 = common) Toggle Bolt – collapsible winged nut which opens when inserted in a hollow wall

  12. Machine Bolt – square head with threads on just the last 1” of the shank • Cap Screw • Carriage Bolt – round head • Stove Bolt – round headed bolt

  13. Bolt Pitch • Bolt Pitch – the number of threads per inch • Determined by: • Measuring an inch on a bolt and then counting the threads within that inch • Using a thread gauge

  14. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Thread Classification System • Threading standards for bolts & nuts are controlled by ANSI

  15. Example: Bolt size (Major Diameter) Pitch (Threads Per Inch) Unified Thread Standard Type of Thread (C = Coarse; F = Fine) Class of Fit (A = External; B = Internal) 1= Loose & Sloppy, 2 = Normal & Strong, 3 = Close, Tight, & Very Strong Bolt Length

  16. Thread Classification • ½ - 20 UN C/F – 1/2/3 – A/B/C x 3

  17. Screws • Fastener which has threads that bite into the material it fastens • Threads – grooves of even shape & taper that wrap around the shank

  18. Classifications of Screws • Wood • Cap Screws • Sheet Metal • Lag Screws • Could be classified by head shape

  19. Square head – four equal sides • Hex head – six sides • Slotted – standard • Plow bolt – square tapered head

  20. Nuts • Device with a thread hole • Washer – flat device w/ a hole in the center & used as part of a fastener • TYPES OF NUTS: • Hex-square-castle-wing-lock

  21. Types of Washers • Flat • External Lock • Internal Lock • Split Lock

  22. Hardware – term describing material used in ag mechanics Hinge Object that pivots & permits a door to swing

  23. TYPES OF HINGES Strap T Butt Hasp Butterfly Screw Hook

  24. Gussets – used to reinforce joints • Flush Plate – used to strengthen corners

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