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Substances, Compounds & Mixtures

Substances, Compounds & Mixtures. How everything is put together. Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3. What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space. Two types of matter. Substance Mixture. Substances. Matter that has a uniform composition throughout is called a substance .

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Substances, Compounds & Mixtures

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  1. Substances, Compounds & Mixtures How everything is put together.

  2. Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space

  3. Two types of matter • Substance • Mixture

  4. Substances • Matter that has a uniform composition throughout is called a substance. • When different elements combine, other substances are formed.

  5. Substances • Contains only one type of particle • Can exist in 3 states of matter Picture from http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/gifs/statesofmatter.gif

  6. Two types of Substances Elements and Compounds

  7. Elements Elements • Simplest forms of matter • Cannot be separated into simpler substances. Examples: Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon

  8. Compounds • A compound is a substance whose composed of more than one element bonded together. • Compounds can only be broken down through chemical processes Examples: Water, salt, sugar

  9. Compounds Have Formulas • H20 is the chemical formula for water, and H2O2 is the formula for hydrogen peroxide. • Chemical formulas tells us which elements make up a compound as well as how many atoms of each element are present.

  10. How to read a formula H20 This is a subscript. It tells us how many atoms of that element exist in one unit of that compound. Hydrogen is made of 2 H atoms and 1 O atom. No subscript is used when only one atom of an element is present.

  11. Let’s try it… • How many atoms there are of each element. • Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 • 2 Hydrogen • 4 Oxygen • 1 Sulfer • Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2 • 2 Hydrogen • 2 Oxygen

  12. And some more formulas… • Carbon Dioxide CO2 • 1 Carbon • 2 Oxygen • Carbon Monoxide CO • 1 Carbon • 1 Oxygen • Calcium Carbonate (Found in shells, eggshells, antacid) CaCO3 • 1 Calcium • 1 Carbon • 3 Oxygen

  13. Compound Review •  A compound has the same elements and the same amount of elements all of the time • Elements are chemically combined • Compound properties are different from the properties of the individual elements • They cannot be separated physically

  14. Mixtures • A mixture is a combination of two or more substances where there is no chemical combination or reaction.

  15. Mixtures A mixture is a combination of two or more substances where there is no chemical combination or reaction.

  16. Mixtures Mixtures combine physically in no specific proportions. They just mix.

  17. Mixture Types • MIXTURES MAY BE HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS

  18. Homogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures: • Physical blend of two or more substances. • The prefix: "homo"- indicates the same • Have the same uniform appearance and composition throughout

  19. Solutions (Homogenous Mixtures) • SOLUTIONS are homogeneous mixtures Examples: vinegar, soda, tap water, air

  20. Heterogeneous Mixtures: • The prefix: "hetero"- indicates difference • A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases • Two or more parts can be seen

  21. Examples: • Pizza • Sandwich • Chex Mix

  22. Compounds vs Mixtures Mixtures Compounds Not chemically combined Combine chemically forming molecules Can combine in any proportion Combine in set proportions Separated chemically Separated physically

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