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Chemistry of Life

This unit delves into the fundamental elements that compose living matter, highlighting the significance of Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, along with trace elements like Iron and Iodine. We will explore atomic structure, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, and discuss the various types of chemical bonds: covalent, ionic, and hydrogen. The relationships between atoms, their configurations, and the resulting molecular shapes that influence functionality will also be examined. Additionally, we cover chemical reactions, reactants, products, and achieving equilibrium in biological systems.

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Chemistry of Life

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  1. Chemistry of Life Unit 1 – Ch2

  2. Elements of Life • C, O, H, N ….96% of living matter • P, S, Ca, K …. Approx 4 % of living matter • Trace Element : Fe, I (I) is essential to hormone production in the human thyroid…goiter (Fe) essential for many functions (blood)…cause iron deficiency, fatigue, exhaustion, ADD etc b/c it carries Oxygen

  3. Atoms & Molecules • Define Matter, Element, Compound • Atom: nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons, orbitals • Atomic # - # protons • Mass # - p+ + n0 • Dalton 1.7 x 10-24g …mass of p+ and n0 • Atomic Wt more precise

  4. Isotopes • Same # of protons but differ is # of neutrons • Radioactive Isotopes- elements w/extra neutrons….unstable and it splits releasing positrons (positively chgd e-’s) that attract electrons of neighboring atoms (tracers) and generate a gamma ray…shows changing [] and location. PET Scans

  5. Energy Levels of Electrons • Electrons are the only subatomic structure that are involved in chemrxns • Potential enery = stored energy e- dist potential energy Orbitals p37 Fig 2.10

  6. Electron Configurations

  7. Chemical Bonds Covalent – sharing e-’s

  8. Chemical Bonds • Polar Covalent bonds – e-’s are not shared equally. 1 atom is more electronegative than the other.

  9. Chemical Bonds • Nonpolar covalent bonds - share e-’s equally -O2, H2, CH4

  10. Chemical Bonds • Ionic – transfer electrons from +/- ions Cation = + chgd ion Anion = - chgd ion Form Salts

  11. Chemical Bonds • Hydrogen Bonds – wk bonds amongst electronegative atoms. (H2O and NH3)

  12. Van der Waals Van der Waals – occur between atoms and molecules that are close to each other.

  13. Shape/Function • A molecules shape determines its function • Orbitals determine shape

  14. ChemRxns • Reactants Products • Equilibrium when reactants and products have concentrations stabilized

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