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Chemistry of Life

Chemistry of Life. Matter. Matter Mass vs. Weight. Matter. Nucleus Neutrons Protons Electrons Orbital Isotopes . Elements and Atoms. Made up of atoms of 2 or more elements in fixed proportions. Compounds . Two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Covalent Bonds.

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Chemistry of Life

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  1. Chemistry of Life

  2. Matter

  3. Matter • Mass vs. Weight Matter

  4. Nucleus • Neutrons • Protons • Electrons • Orbital • Isotopes Elements and Atoms

  5. Made up of atoms of 2 or more elements in fixed proportions Compounds

  6. Two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons Covalent Bonds

  7. Ions that have opposite charge are attracted to each other Ionic Bonds

  8. Ability to do work • Many forms Energy

  9. Solid • Liquid • Gas Matter States

  10. One or more substances change to produce one or more different substances • Reactants vs. Products • Activation Energy • Redox reactions Chemical Reactions and Energy

  11. Water

  12. Polar molecule – unequal distribution of charge • Hydrogen bond – weak bond between O and H • Solubility Water

  13. Cohesion • Attraction of molecule to itself • Surface tension Water

  14. Adhesion • Attraction of molecule to other molecules • Water drops on a window Water

  15. Capillary action • Both cohesion and adhesion at work • Movement through small tubes • Moves against gravity Water

  16. Cohesion/adhesion • Solvent • Resists temperature changes • High heat of vaporization • Expands when freezes Properties of Water

  17. Mixture in which one of more substances are uniformly distributed • Solvent • Substance being dissolved • Solute • Substance which is doing the dissolving Solution, Solvent and Solute

  18. pH scale • Acids • pH below 7; forms H+ ions in water • Bases • pH ablove 7; forms OH- ions in water • Neutrals • pH is 7 • Buffers Acids and Bases

  19. Biochemistry

  20. Organic compounds • 4 e- in outer shell; will bind with 4 other elements • Likes to bond with itself • Number of bonds Carbon

  21. Hydroxyl • Carboxyl • Amino • Phosphate Functional Groups

  22. Monomer vs. Polymer • Condensation Reactions • Hydrolysis Reaction Formation

  23. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) • Gives off much energy with Phosphate group is broken off and converted to ADP • ATP  ADP + Pi Energy for Life

  24. Organic Compounds Essential for Life

  25. Composed of C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 • Monomers are monosaccharides • -ose suffix Carbohydrates

  26. Monosaccharides • Disaccharides • Polysaccharides Carbohydrates

  27. Carbs in Animals • Stored as glycogen in muscles • Carbs in Plants • Stored as cellulose • Found in cell wall of plants Carbohydrates

  28. Composed of C, H, O, and N • Monomers are amino acids • 20 different amino acids • Each amino acid contains the following • Central carbon • Carboxyl group • Amino group • R group Proteins

  29. Primary • Polypeptide chain • Secondary • Folds, based upon H bonds • α helix • β pleated sheet • Tertiary • Folds, based upon charge • 3D shape Protein Structure

  30. Composed of C, H, and O • Monomers are glycerol and fatty acids • Saturated • Unsaturated Lipids

  31. Composed of C, H, O, N, and P • Monomers are nucleotides • 4 different nucleotides Nucleic Acids

  32. Enzymes

  33. Specific type of protein • Acts as a catalyst for chemical reaction • Essential for cell function Enzyme

  34. Molecule acted upon is called Substrate • Highly specific • Break down • Build up • Named for substrates • End in –ase Enzymes

  35. Categories • Hydrolases • Lyases • Transferases • Isomerases • Oxidoreductases • Synthetases • Models • Lock and key • Induced fit Enzymes

  36. Amount of substrate • Temperature • pH Factors Affecting Enzymes

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