1. HOW THE PLANTS FEED THEMSELVES? Barbara Bajd Dušan Krnel Faculty of Education University of Ljubljana Project SOPHIA Semniar for the teachers

2. Sophia project Module 2 How the plants feed? Structure of the module 2 1. Introduction of problematic topics Teachers’ and students’ misconceptions (Greek study, what we know about misconceptions, National external assessment in biology in Slovenia)

3. Meeting 1 Introduction - plenary Presentation of the project Sophia Presentation of working methods (socioconstructivistic approach, action research) Presentation of the objectives of the module (module for teachers) Work in groups Introducing cognitive conflicts (experiment with the candle in the jar, matter as particles, air as particles) Discussion

4. Work in groups Inquiry of the concepts connected with photosynthesis Elicitation of concepts, subordinated and relational concepts that teachers are using in teaching. Understanding and explanation of identified concepts. Poster presentation Individually Questionnaire: What is food? What animals and plants are breathing planning the next session

5. Meeting 2 1. Introduction - plenary Discussing the results of the questionnaire 2. Working in groups Searching for concepts in textbook and assessing tests. Classification of concepts into categories:plant, part of a plant, substance energy process other Matching the classified concepts with results from the questionnaire

6. Plenary Selection of the most demanding concepts related to processes that support life in plants : Breathing Nutritious substances Food 4. Work in groups Definition or detailed explanation of the selected concepts.

7. Meeting 3 Introduction - plenary Presentation of the groups works: The best definition of explanation for breathing and food relating to plants. 2. Work in groups Working on experiments breathing and producing food in plants. Trigging the discussion with the proposed statements. Introducing the Van Helmont’s experiment. Designing the experiment to proof that Van Helmont was wrong. Presentation and discussion 3. Work in groups Designing experiment that plants are breathing and producing oxygen. Introduction of Priestley’s and Ingen –Housz’s experiments

8. Work in groups Designing of teaching Unit “How the plants feed themselves” Poster presentation Individually Module 2 evaluation

9. Pupils’ Understanding of Photosynthesis: A questionnaire for the simultaneous assessment of all aspects Panagiota Marmaroti in Dia Galanopoulou International Journal of Science Education Vol. 28, No.4, 18 March 2006, pp.383-403

10. 290 Greek Pupils aged 13 years

11. In which part of the plant does photosynthesis take place?

12. Which part of the plant contains chlorophyll?

13. In which part of the plant does photosynthesis takeplace and which part of the plant contains chlorophyll?

14. When does photosynthesis take place?

15. Which is the role of the sun in photosynthesis?

16. Which is the role of the sunin photosynthesis and when does photosynthesis take place?

17. Which form of energy is necessary for photosynthesis ?

18. Is the energy (E) produced, trapped or lost during photosynthesis ?

19. Which pair of substances is needed for photosynthesis ?

20. Which pair of substances is produced during photosynthesis?

21. Which pair of substances are needed for photosynthesis and which pair of substances is produced during photosynthesis?

22. Which is the role or fate of chlorophyll during photosynthesis ?

23. Which is the origin of the plant nutrients?

24. Why are plants called autothrophs and which is the origin of the plant nutrients?

25. Photosynthesis and respiration

26. What does food offer to the plants?

27. Which plant cell respired?

28. In which part of the plant does photosynthesis (PHO) take place and which plant cell respires?

29. When do plants respire?

30. When does photosynthesis take place and when do plants respire?

31. Interrelation of photosynthesis and respiration

32. National External assesment in Slovenia 2006 Biology 20.833 pupils

33. When do plants respire? A Plants respire during the day and night B Plants respire only during the night C Plants respire during the day D Plants do not respire IT=0,53

34. What is characteristic for cell respiration? A The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, the water is secreting B Transport of oxygen to the cells, the energy is releasing, carbon dioxide and water are secreting C Decomposition of nutrients in the cell with the help of oxygen into the carbon dioxide and water, the energy is releasing D The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cell and the blood, in this process the energy is expired IT= 0,27

35. LIST OF CONCEPTS CONNECTED WITH PHOTOSYNTHESIS

36. Poster presentation What is photosynthesis? Students of Biology

42. POSTER PRESENTATION PLANTS ARE BREATHING Students of biology

43. Plants are breathing oxygen

46. Growing

47. An experiment to proof that plants are breathing oxygen

48. WHAT PLANTS ARE BREATHING?

49. HOW PLANTS ARE BREATHING?

50. HOW PLANTS ARE BREATHING?