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Acids, Bases and pH scale

Acids, Bases and pH scale. ACIDS. Compound that releases Hydrogen ions (H+). Examples of Common Acids. Hydrochloric acid – HCl Hydrosulfuric acid – H 2 SO 4 Nitric acid – H 2 NO 3 What do these formulas have in common?. Acetic Acid - Vinegar HC 2 H 3 O 2. Lactic Acid.

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Acids, Bases and pH scale

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  1. Acids, Bases and pH scale

  2. ACIDS • Compoundthat releases Hydrogen ions (H+)

  3. Examples of Common Acids • Hydrochloric acid – HCl • Hydrosulfuric acid – H2SO4 • Nitric acid – H2NO3 What do these formulas have in common?

  4. Acetic Acid - VinegarHC2H3O2

  5. Lactic Acid • Found in foods like yogurt and • cottage cheese and sourdough bread • Causes muscle soreness

  6. Citric Acid • Found abundantly in citrus fruits • (lemons, oranges, grapefruit) • Used to add a sour taste to foods • Flavoring in soft drinks

  7. Formic Acid • In the venom of ants and bees • HCO2H

  8. Amino Acids • “Building blocks” of protein molecules

  9. Bases • Bases are compounds that release Hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. • Also called alkalines.

  10. Examples of Common Bases Sodium hydroxide – NaOH Calcium hydroxide – CaOH Magnesium hydroxide – Mg(OH)2 Most soaps and detergents are basic

  11. All compounds are eitherAcids, Bases, or Neither Chemical Formula Acid Base Neither

  12. pH The measurement of the amount of H+ (hydrogen ions) in solution

  13. pH Scale - Range is 0 - 14 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7__8 9 10 11 12 13 14

  14. pH Acid Base Neutral • Determining a compound’s property from its pH value

  15. Most living things must live in an environment of pH 6.5 – 7.5 HOWEVER, there are some exceptions: • Acidophiles– bacteria that live in highlyacidic environments. They have evolved a variety of specialized mechanisms to maintain their intracellular pH at a constant level (usually 7.2). • Example: L. acidophilus breaks down food in the intestine

  16. Specialized cells in stomach lining make HCl “stomach acid” of pH 1 Parietal Cells

  17. Azalea plants thrive in acidic soil of pH 4.5

  18. Soil pH • Alkaline soil makes hydrangeas pink

  19. Acidic soil makes hydrangeas blue

  20. Buffers • Help prevent any large changes in pH • Buffers are molecules that can bind to an H+ ion when the H+ concentration increases - “locks” it up so the solution doesn’t get more acidic • Releases an H+ ion when the H+ concentration decreases

  21. Blood pH and Buffers • Normal pH of blood between 7.35 - 7.45 • Less than 6.8 or greater than 7.8 is deadly • Buffers in blood help prevent any large change in blood pH

  22. Lysergic acid diethylamide

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