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WORLD WAR I

This educational activity offers students a comprehensive overview of World War I, focusing on the critical events from 1914 to 1918. Learners will engage with a detailed map of Eastern Europe, labeling countries, capital cities, and geographic features, while identifying the Allied and Central Powers. The session explores the causes of the war, including nationalism, territorial rivalries, and the complex interplay of militarism and alliances. Students will gain insights into trench warfare, significant battles, and the technological advancements that shaped this monumental conflict.

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WORLD WAR I

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  1. WORLD WAR I War breaks out in Eastern Europe. 1914-1918

  2. Map Activity • Students will label the countries of Eastern Europe. • Identify and label capital cities, oceans, seas, lakes, rivers. • Make a key with color showing Allied and Cental Powers.

  3. CAUSES OF THE WAR • Nationalism – national pride or loyalty to one’s country. • Territorial rivalries – historical dispute over rule of lands. The Ottoman Empire ( Later Known as Turkey ) gained control of the Balkans in the 1400’s and ruled the area until the 1800’s. • By then the four main ethnic groups – Albanians, Greeks, Romanians, and Slavs were struggling for independence.

  4. CONT….. • Greece began a successful revolt in the 1820’s and Romania followed in 1859. • Following a war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in 1878, Bulgarians, Montenegrins, and Serbs each staked their claim to nationhood. • Soon after Austria –Hungary occupied the small Balkan kingdoms of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Bosnia). • Serbia saw Bosnia as part of it’s rightful territory. • Austria-Hungary annex’s territories in 1908 creating hostility in the region.

  5. MILITARISM AND ALLIANCES • Large European countries frequently overpowered smaller one’s . • Leaders of major European powers believed that disputes would ultimately be settled on the battlefield. • They engaged in an arms race in which they tried to develop larger armies and more powerful weapons than their rivals. • Leaders formed alliances with other nations, each promising to aid the other in case of attack by a third power.

  6. ALLIANCES CENTRAL POWERS ALLIED POWERS • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire • Bulgaria • France • Russia • Great Britain • Serbia • Romania • Italy • United States

  7. THE GREAT WAR BEGINS • June 14, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand ( the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne ) and his wife Sofia are shot and killed by a Serbian nationalist (Gavrilo Princip) while on a visit in the streets of Sarajevo.

  8. WARFARE AND WEAPONS Trench Warfare Weapons • Both parties occupied trenches along a front that ran for hundreds of miles from the north sea to the border of Switzerland. • Soldiers would exit the trenches and charge towards the enemy many being cut down by a hail of machine gun fire. • Machine Guns • Tanks • Poison Gas • Submarines • Airplanes

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