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World War I

Chapter 11. World War I. M.A.I.N. Causes of the War. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism. Militarism. Use of military as a tool of diplomacy Nations wanted to have the strongest military Germany was the strongest nation militarily at the time. Alliances.

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World War I

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  1. Chapter 11 World War I

  2. M.A.I.N. Causes of the War • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism

  3. Militarism • Use of military as a tool of diplomacy • Nations wanted to have the strongest military • Germany was the strongest nation militarily at the time

  4. Alliances • Countries dedication to one another if attacked • Many countries had alliances to other countries which leads to an escalation of World War I

  5. Imperialism • European nations had been building empires for many centuries. • Countries began to compete with one another for influence over weaker countries. • Colonies were used for raw materials and provided a market for manufactured goods.

  6. Nationalism • A belief in a country’s superiority, economically, militarily and culturally • Also a devotion to the interests of one’s own country • Often led to a competitive relationship among countries in Europe • Many feared Germany’s growing power and influence

  7. Beginning of the War • M.A.I.N. • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian thrown) by the “black hand” (Serbian nationalists) • German desire to have a railroad line to the Ottoman Empire • Ethnic tensions between Bosnia and Serbia

  8. Beginning of the War • Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • Due to alliance system…Germany declared war on Russia and then France (an ally of Russia) • Germany invaded Belgium • Great Britain declared war against Germany and Austria-Hungary…War has begun…

  9. Triple Entente • Consisted of France, Great Britain and Russia • Also known as the allied powers

  10. Triple Alliance • Consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy • Also known as the Central Powers.

  11. Schlieffen Plan • German plan to invade and conquer France in six weeks • Avoid a two front war with France and Russia at the same time • Unsuccessful…trench warfare begins

  12. Trench Warfare • “No Man’s Land” – land between the trenches • Continued for over three years…. • Many casualties… • Battle of the Somme – 60,000 casualties on the first day alone.

  13. New Weapons of War • Gas • Machine guns • Tanks • Airplanes

  14. U.S. Involvement • Many Americans are divided on whether the U.S. should be involved or not • Many were loyal to Great Britain • Some were loyal to Germany where they had emigrated from • Many wanted to remain isolationists and spare their sons and husbands’ lives • America had established trade with many nations throughout Europe. That trade increased considerably with the war.

  15. U.S. Involvement contd. • How does the U.S. officially enter the war? • Sinking of the Lusitania (128 Americans killed) • In response to the British blockade, German U-boats created a blockade around Great Britain and fired on and sank any ship that came close to Britain. • Zimmerman Note • Telegram from German ambassador in Mexico intercepted by the British • Germany promised to support Mexico if a war broke out between the U.S. and Mexico in getting back Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.

  16. U.S. enters the war… • President Wilson delivers his war resolution in April of 1917. • The U.S. is officially at war…but are we prepared? No. • Only 200,000 troops • No combat experience • Solutions: • Draft • Mass Production

  17. Selective Service Act • All men required to register with the govt. for possible drafting into the war • 3 million were drafted and 2 million saw combat in Europe

  18. Mass Production • The U.S. needed to find a way to build ships and military supplies quickly in order to counteract the German blockade and destruction of U.S. ships • Shipyard workers were exempted from the draft • Pre-fabrication techniques were used to manufacture ships

  19. U.S. impact • We introduce the “convoy system” • After over two years of fighting European troops were exhausted and had low morale, new U.S. troops revitalized the allies

  20. Russian Revolution • In 1917, Russia pulls out of the war due to a revolution within their own country • Bolsheviks vs. the Mensheviks • This allows Germany to focus on the Western Front, but due to large casualties, the splitting of their forces and the American surge, Germany was not going to be able to win the war.

  21. The End is Near • November 1918, Austria-Hungary surrenders • Six days later, Germany surrenders. • Total casualties/costs: • 22 million total deaths (half of those civilian) • 20 million injured • U.S. lost approximately 100,000 and 200,000 were wounded

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