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The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms

Medical Terminology. The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms. By E. Suryadi Madarina Julia. ONCOLOGY: Cervix Sarcoma. Sarcoma of the cervix therapy

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The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms

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  1. Medical Terminology The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms By E. Suryadi Madarina Julia

  2. ONCOLOGY: Cervix Sarcoma Sarcoma of the cervix therapy Sarcomas of the cervix show a variable and generally poor response to radiotherapy. If possible therefore, surgical removal is indicated if the disease is localized to the pelvis. This may vary from simple hysterectomy to total pelvic exenteration. Chemotherapy has not proved effective in these tumor • The signs and symptoms of recurrent malignant disease are: • Positive cytologic examination • Palpable tumor in pelvis or abdomen • Ulceration of cervix or vagina • Unilateral lower extremity edema • Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy

  3. History • a vocabulary from ancient Greek and Latin • Ancient doctors, e.g. Hippocrates: epilepsy, dysentery, asthma, diarrhea • New advances in medical science – new terms derived from everyday vocabulary, e.g. cyt – kytos (hollow container)-cell

  4. Why do we need to learn medical terminology ? To speak and to write exactly Health professional around the world use medical vocabulary to speak and to write exactly International language, Efficiency and effective learning “Perkembangan IPTEKDOK seiring dengan perkembangan medical terminology, New sciences/technology = New terminology”

  5. How do we learn medical terminology? • like learning other languages: memorize the vocabulary!! • logical language: • most terms can be broken down into its basic component parts and understood • “basic word structure”

  6. PANCYTOPENIA Basic Word Structure PREFIX COMBINING VOWEL WORD ROOT SUFFIX COMBINING FORM

  7. Medical Terminology Commonly Used: Roots, Prefix and Suffix

  8. WORD ROOT • FOUNDATION OF THE WORD GASTER =GASTROS ROOT (stomach)

  9. PREFIX • WORD BEGINNING EPIGASTRIC PREFIX (above)

  10. SUFFIX • WORD ENDING GASTRITIS SUFFIX (inflammation)

  11. COMPOUND WORD • TWO OR MORE WORD ROOTS ELECTROCARDIOGRAM GASTROENTERITIS WORD ROOTS

  12. LEUKOCYTE LEUKOCYTOSIS SUFFIX or COMPOUND SUFFIX FORM LEUKOCYTOPENIA

  13. Correlate an understanding of a word with basic anatomy, physiology, and disease process of the human body PANCYTOPENIA • PAN : all • CYT : cell • PENIA : deficiency DEFICIENCY OF ALL CELLS (deficiency of all types of blood cells)

  14. LEUKEMIA • LEUK (root): white • EM (root): blood • IA (suffix): state (noun) • EMIA (compound-suffix form): state of blood “white blood” malignancy of white blood cells

  15. The origin of a medical term • Greek noun or adjective • Greek verb • Latin noun or adjective • Latin verb • Influence how it was used in modern medical term

  16. Tissue Tissues may have different terms in normal and diseased states • NORMAL: LATIN WORD • DISEASED/ ABNORMAL: GREEK WORD

  17. normal and abnormal

  18. normal and abnormal

  19. Tissue latin and Greek • ADIPOSE TISSUE - Fascia adiposa • LIP/O : FAT • Lipolysis • Lipogenesis • Lipodystrophy • lipoma

  20. Tissue latin and Greek • OSSEUS/OS -Os femur, os radius, os pallatum, -medulla osseum • OSTE/O - : BONE • Osteogenesis imperfecta • Osteoblast • Osteomyelitis

  21. Tissue latin and Greek • NERVUS -Nernus ischiadicus, - n. axillaris • NEUR/O : NERVE • neuralgia • neuropathy • neuritis

  22. Tissue latin and Greek • MUSCULUS -Musculus pectoralis major, - m. rectus abdominis • MY/O • MYS/O: MUSCLE • myopathy • myositis • Myoglobin • Myofibra • Myocardium • Myometrium

  23. Tissue latin and Greek • CARTILAGO - Cartilago thyreoidea, - cartilago septi nasi • CHONDR/O : CARTILAGE • chondrodysplasia • Achondroplasia • Osteogenesis enchondralis • Chondrogenesis

  24. Tissue latin and Greek • CUTIS • CUTANE/0 - Intracutane, - subcutane • DERMIS • DERMAT/O : SKIN • dermatitis • leukoderma • epidermis • dermatology

  25. Tissue latin and Greek • VASA • VASCUL/O - vascularisation, - avascular • ANGI/O : BLOOD VESSEL • angiopathy/ vasculopathy • angiography • Angiogram • angioma • Vasculitis

  26. Tissue latin and Greek • SANGUIS; SANGUINIS • HEM/O =HAIMA • EM • HEMAT/O: BLOOD • hematology • hematopoiesis • anemia • cholesterolemia • hemoglobin

  27. Greek nouns and adjectives (1) Root of a noun or an adjective is found by dropping the ending (os, on, e, s, ys) nephros – nephritis neuron – neuritis leukos – leukemia tachys – tachypnea glykys -- glycemia

  28. Greek nouns and adjectives (2) … when a suffix begins with a consonant attached to a root ends with a consonant, a combining vowel is needed leukocyte neurogenic nephroblast

  29. so…drop the combining vowel before a suffix beginning with a vowel GASTRIC, and not GASTROIC LEUKEMIA, and not LEUKOEMIA

  30. but… retain the combining vowel between two roots in a word GASTROENTERITIS ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM

  31. Greek nouns and adjectives (3) Some words may come in two combining forms:

  32. Greek Verbs

  33. Latin Nouns Combining form of a noun is found by dropping the ending (a, um) fistula – fistulectomy vagina – vaginoplasty lympha – lymphogen ileum – ileostomy cerebrum – cerebrovascular palatum – palatorrhaphy

  34. Latin and Greek Color LEUK/O : ALBUS : WHITE • ALBINO, • CORPUS ALBICAN • LINEA ALBA • LEUKOCYTE • LEUKOCYTURIA • LEUKOCYTOSIS • LEUKEMIA • LEUKODERMA • LEUKODYSTROPHY • LEUKOPLAKIA • LEUKORRHEA • FLUOR ALBUS

  35. Latin and Greek Color MELAN/O : FUSCUS : BLACK • MELANOCYTE • MELANOBLAST • MELANOMA • MELANURIA • MELANIN • MELENA

  36. Latin and Greek Color ERYTHR/O : RUBRO : RED CORPUS RUBRUM NUCLEUS RUBER • ERYTHROBLAST • ERYTHROCYTE • ERYTHROCLAST • ERYTHEMA • ERYTHREMIA • ERYTHRODERMA

  37. Latin and Greek Color CYAN/O: BLUE • CYANOTIC • CYANOSIS • CYANOPHIL • CYANOPSIA • CYANOLABE glaucos : bluish green Griseus : bluish grey

  38. Latin and Greek Color CHLOR/O:CHLOASMA : GREEN • CHLOROMA • CHLOROPHYL • CHLOROPSIA • CHLOROLABE

  39. Latin and Greek Color • GRISEUS = POLIOS = PHAIOS =GREY Substantia grisea Poliomyelitis

  40. Latin and Greek Color XANTH/O: FLAVUS: LUTEUS: YELLOW • CORPUS LUTEUM • XANTHOCHROMIC • XANTHOCHROMIA • XANTHOMA • XANTHOPSIA

  41. Audio = acouo = to hear Opsia /opia = blepo =to see Phagien = to eat Dipsa = to drink Phrasis = to speech Laleo = to talk Gradior = to walk Halo = pneu = to breathe Oureo = to urinate Ergo = to work Sedeo =sella = to sit Osme = bromo = to smell Mnena = to memory Palpo = to touch Kineo= moveo = to move Gustatus = geuma = to taste Hypnos /somnus/sopor= to sleep Glutio = to swallow Defaecatio/chezo = to defaecate Body activities

  42. Major= magnus = mega = great Minor/parvus=small Breve = short Longus = long Durum = hard Lepto/pia = thin Mollis = soft Bradys = tardus=slow Tachys = celer =fast Poly = multi = many Oligos = few = rare Asthenia = weak Sthenia = strong Qualitative Measurement

  43. prefix – Location supra/super /ultra retr/o epi extra end/o – ento - en eso intra par/a peri ect/o exo ec infra/ sub

  44. prefix – Location mes/o Circum/peri

  45. Position • Ante = before; Post = after • Meta = behind • Trans = beyond, to the other side • Inter = between, among • Dia = complete = through • Per = through, over • Ana = upon, upwards • Cata = downward • Ab = away from; • ad = to ward

  46. prefix – Locationexamples: • ectopic pregnancy • ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm • encephalitis • endometrium vs. parametrium • endotoxin vs. exotoxin • Periosteum, pericardium • Circumoral, circumductio • retroperitoneal • suprarenal, etc.

  47. A/AN NULLI 0 prefix - number WITHOUT LACKING DEFICIENT • ANEMIA • APLASTIC ANEMIA • ANALGESIA • NULLIPARA

  48. ½ hemi semi prefix - number HALF PARTIAL HEMIPARESIS HEMIPLEGIA HEMIHYPERTROPHY SEMICOMATOSE

  49. uni - mono prefix - number 1 • MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY • MONOPARESIS • MONONUCLEAR CELLS • UNICELLULAR • UNILATERAL

  50. 1st primi prefix - number • PRIMIPARA, PRIMIPAROUS • PRIMIGRAVIDA • PRIMITIVE • PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS

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