Earth/Space Science

1. Earth/Space Science Virginia Science Olympiad Coach’s Clinic November 13, 2010 Presented by: Jennifer Ezzell

2. What are the Earth/Space Events? • Dynamic Planet • Earth’s fresh waters • Fossils • Meteorology • Severe Storms • Road Scholar • Solar System

3. Dynamic Planet Event Basics Test Format: pencil and paper (may be in stations or sit down test) Given: data, charts, maps, graphs, diagrams, pictures, and/or written descriptions Students asked to: observe, analyze, classify, infer, measure, calculate, predict, interpret, create (graph, map, etc.) Team may bring: FOUR double sided sheets of notes (per TEAM) and up to 2 non-graphing calculators

4. Dynamic Planet 2011- Fresh Water Lakes (inland body of water of considerable size; surrounded by land; relatively still) Rivers (natural flow of water- of considerable size; exact size is debatable) Streams (body of running water; smaller than rivers- although exact size is debatable) Groundwater (water stored within the earth) Wetlands (land that is largely covered with shallow water or saturated soil) Stream channels (the bed and bank of a river- layout of river… be aware that channel can also refer to the deep part of a waterway or harbor)

5. Dynamic Planet Vocabulary Limnology- study of inland water Topographic map- shows the surface features of Earth, including depth of rivers, types of waterways, etc. Karst features- land features that occur because of groundwater and its interaction with rock Hydrologic cycle- the water cycle

6. Dynamic Planet Resources • Web Resources: • USGS (all types of water resources): http://www.usgs.gov/water/ • Exploring Earth (science textbook visuals): http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/navigation/visualization.cfm • Center for Educational Technologies (simple water cycle): http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html • Watersheds.org (kid-friendly Karst information with videos): http://www.watersheds.org/teacher/rd.htm • BBC Schools (What is a River?): http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/riversandcoasts/rivers/whatis_river/index.shtml?channel • Book Resources: • Geology textbooks (old college or high school ones) can also be good resources- students may need help • DK online: earth (web-linked book) by: Matt Turner… linked to: http://www.earth.dkonline.com/ • Other Resources: • Google Earth- good to look at stream channels and other features

7. Fossil Event Basics Test Format: Stations- pencil and paper answers Given: fossils, pictures, and/or written descriptions Students asked to: identify fossils (up to 50% of the test), answer questions about fossils Teams may bring: ONE magnifying glass, ONE field guide (with notes, post-its), ONE 3-ring binder with information- should include the Official Fossil List for 2011 , available at: http://soinc.org/sites/default/files/uploaded_files/FossilList11v3.pdf

8. New to Fossils This Year • Lagerstatten (added to 3m) • This refers to areas of the world that have been found to have many well preserved or varied fossils. • One example is Mazon Creek in Illinois: http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/mazon_creek/MazonCreekSite.html (this website is good for more than just Lagerstatten) • The word “entrapment” was added to tar/asphalt in 3b • Rules now state that species not on the list may be used to “illustrate key concepts”- 3

9. Fossil Web Resources • Fun and kid- friendly pages: • Everything Fossils: http://www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/ • Finding Fossils: http://www.sdnhm.org/kids/fossils/ • Fossil Gallery: http://www.paleoportal.org/index.php?globalnav=fossil_gallery&sectionnav=main • Jason Project- Tectonic Fury: Mission 3 (teacher will need to create account for students): www.jason.org • Pages useful for coach/parent, students may need assistance • USGS: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/fossils/contents.html • Fossil Images: http://www.fossilmuseum.net/FossilGalleries.htm

10. Fossil Book Resources Smithsonian Handbooks: Fossilsby: Cyril Walker and David Ward National Audubon Society Field Guide to Fossils (North America) by: Ida Thompson Rocks & Fossils by: Margaret Hynes Kingfisher Knowledge) Geology textbook (old college or high school one)- students may need help

11. Meteorology Event Basics Test Format: pencil and paper (may be stations or sit-down) Given: models, pictures, diagrams, charts, and/or written descriptions Students asked to: answer questions (predict, infer, observe, evaluate, analyze, interpret, and problem solve) Teams may bring: ONE sheet of notes and one calculator

12. Meteorology 2011- Severe Storms • Start with Meteorology basics- concepts that have to with all forms of meteorology • Air masses • Fronts • Weather maps • Doppler • Cloud types

13. Meteorology 2011 Severe Storms Thunderstorms (electrical storm, lightning storm, thundershower) Squall lines Tornados (twisters) Hurricanes (tropical cyclone) Cyclones

14. Meteorology Web Resources • Fun and kid- friendly pages: • NOAA for kids (scroll down for grade 6-12): http://www.education.noaa.gov/sweather.html • Jason Project- Monster Storms (coach will have to create account for students): www.jason.org • Pages useful for coach/parent, students may need assistance • NOAA’s weather page: http://www.noaa.gov/wx.html • College course on weather with notes: http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~jpstimac/1400/1400index.html

15. Meteorology Book Resources • DK online: earth (web-linked book) by: Matt Turner • Linked to: http://www.earth.dkonline.com/ • A Pocket Guide to Weather by: Julie Lloyd • DK books- there are a few related to these topics

16. Road Scholar Event Basics Test Format: may be a story format for a trip- with questions along the way Given one or more: state highway maps, internet generated maps, a road atlas, USGS topographic maps, and satellite/aerial images Students asked to: work their way through the story/test locating different points on the maps and answering questions; draw map features using the symbols sheet (possibly) Students MUST bring: protractor, ruler, and USGS Map Symbol Sheet Students may bring: calculator, notes, reference materials, and/or other measuring devices (string, etc.)

17. New to Road Scholar This Year Satellite/aerial maps added to the types of maps possible- 1 No longer has to be presented in a story format- although it still may be-3 No longer required to draw a map section- although it still may be included-3

18. Road Scholar Preparation Tests from past years- the best way to prep for this event is to try it! (be aware that these will require maps you may not have available) If you have two teams have them create tests for each other and then take them (this way they can use the maps you have available) Soinc.org has a coach’s manual for sale with tons of information

19. Road Scholar Web Resources • Fun and kid- friendly pages: • Information on azimuths and quadrant bearings: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/comp.html • Pages useful for coach/parent, students may need assistance • USGS map teaching resources: http://education.usgs.gov/common/secondary.htm#topographic

20. Road Scholar Map Resources USGS topographic maps Road Atlas State maps (stop at rest areas and ask for free maps) Google Earth

21. Solar System Event Basics Test Format: pencil and paper (stations or sit-down; can be given through a slide show or planetarium as well) Given: models, pictures, diagrams, charts, and/or written descriptions Students asked to: answer questions by using the following skills- inferring, predicting, observing, hypothesizing, graphing, analyzing, problem solving, and interpretation Teams may bring: ONE page of notes and a non-programmable calculator (will need square root function)

22. New to Solar System This Year • Gaseous planets (added to 3h- was just terrestrial planet characteristics • Magnetic fields was added to 3i • The word “natural” was added to satellites in 3b to clarify • “Interpretation of planetary and satellite surface and atmospheric features” 3n

23. Solar System 2011 Topics Formation of the solar system Sun The asteroid belt- area between the orbits Mars and Jupiter with a lot of asteroids Oort Cloud- large “cloud” surrounding the solar system; considered to be the edge of the solar system Kuiper Belt- icy objects in orbit beyond the orbits of Neptune and Pluto

24. Solar System 2011 Topics Continued… • 8 Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune • The natural satellites of the 8 planets (the moon is the only natural satellite of Earth) • 5 Dwarf planets: Pluto, Ceres (the largest asteroid), Haumea, Eris, Make-make • Small Solar System Bodies (anything not a planet or dwarf planet) • Comets- show a “tail” or coma when they are close enough to the sun • Asteroids- “minor” planets • Meteoroids- small rock chunks (any piece of rock or metal too small to be an asteroid or comet)

25. Solar System Resources • Fun and kid- friendly pages: • Smithsonian Dynamic Earth page: http://www.mnh.si.edu/earth/main_frames.html • NASA: http://www.nasa.gov/ • Exploring Earth- science textbook visuals: http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/navigation/visualization.cfm • Pages useful for coach/parent, students may need assistance • Power Point presentation on soinc.org: http://soinc.org/solar_system_b • The web is the best source of information in this area- books become outdated very quickly!

26. General Resources (for all events) • Science Olympiad National Homepage • http://soinc.org/ • Science Olympiad Student Center (wiki) • http://scioly.org/wiki/Main_Page • North Carolina Science Olympiad Event Resources • http://www.sciencenc.com/events.php#b

27. References • The links and books listed as resources as well as www.wikipedia.org were used in creating this Power Point presentation.

28. Thank you for attending! Questions?