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Jupiter

Jupiter. Jupiter. Jake Landry, John Reid, Brandon Motter , Heather Midkiff. Basic Properties. Basic Info. Jovian Apparent visual magnitude: -3.86 Tilt: 3.13⁰ Directional Rotation of axis: Clockwise Length of a Day: .41 Earth days Length of a Year: 11.86 E arth years

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Jupiter

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  1. Jupiter Jupiter Jake Landry, John Reid, Brandon Motter, Heather Midkiff

  2. Basic Properties Basic Info • Jovian • Apparent visual magnitude: -3.86 • Tilt: 3.13⁰ • Directional Rotation of axis: Clockwise • Length of a Day: .41 Earth days • Length of a Year: 11.86 Earth years • How far from the Sun: 5.2 AU (average) • Effective Temperature: 125K/-234⁰F

  3. Size • Mass: 1.898e27 kg • Compared to Earth: 317.8 times larger • Density: 1.326 g/cm3 • Compared to Earth: 4.159 times less dense

  4. Composition

  5. Jupiter’s Moons • 67 confirmed moons currently • Most massive= Galilean Moons (1610) • First objects found not to orbit sun or earth

  6. “Satellites” • 8 regular satellites (prograde, circular orbits) • Galilean satellites (dwarf planets if not captured by gravity) • Other four are smaller and serve as sources of dust in Jupiter's rings

  7. “Satellites” • 59 irregular satellites (prograde/retrograde with irregular and uneven orbits) • Captured from solar orbits • 16 most recent remain unnamed

  8. Galilean Satellites (1610) • Io • Europa • Ganymede • Callisto In order of distance to planet:

  9. Galilean Satellite Photos

  10. Io • rocky surface • tidal heating due to proximity • active sulfur volcanoes

  11. Europa • outer layers of ice • smooth, icy surface (modest tidal heating) • cracks in the ice suggest possibility of liquid interior • speculation that it could harbor life • thin atmosphere present (Artist's impression of the surface of Europa)

  12. Europa Photos (Artist's impression of the surface of Europa)

  13. Ganymede •  largest moon in the solar system (larger than Mercury) • many craters and is darker surface than Europa's (marks imply it is much older) • Dark color originates from meteorite dust. • data shows that surface may be divided into plates much like the Earth's surface

  14. Ganymede Photos Different terrains on Ganymede. Can you tell which area is younger? (hint: count craters)

  15. Ganymede Photos (Artist's impression of the surface of Ganymede)

  16. Callisto • mostly ice (minimal tidal heating) • surface very heavily cratered suggesting that it has not been refreshed • extremely thin atmosphere made up (chiefly) of CO2 • likely presence of ocean suggesting possibility of sustaining life

  17. Callisto Photos (Artist's impression of the surface of Callisto)

  18. Layers of Galileo Satellites

  19. Jupiter’s Atmosphere • It’s all we see! Light parts = Zones (higher pressure and altitude with lower temperature). Dark spots = belts (lower pressure and altitude with higher temperature). • Roughly 1000km until it leads to a liquid state

  20. Jupiter’s Atmosphere • Jupiter is large enough to experience Differential Rotation, causing massive jet streams that are 3x larger than earth’s. • The largest jet is in the Red Spot, which rotates counterclockwise once every 7 days • Atmosphere similar in composition with sun; 82% hydrogen and 18% helium.

  21. Jupiter’s Rings

  22. Rings • The larger “Main” ring is roughly 7,000 km wide and has its outer boundary 129,130 km • The “Main” ring’s range encompasses the moons of Adrastea and Metis • Outside the “Main” ring is a smaller rings known as the “Gossamer” ring. • This ring is made of mostly a very thin dust that came from meteor impacts.

  23. The Red Spot

  24. The Red Spot • With no landmass, the most distinct feature of Jupiter is the red spot. • The spot is the size of three earths. • Spins counterclockwise. • It is roughly 8km higher than the surrounding atmosphere. • It has lasted over 400 years. • The reason for the coloring is unknown. Current theories rely on phosphorus.

  25. Scale of Earth to Jupiter’s Great Red Spot

  26. Jupiter’s Course through Science • Jupiter was an original Roman astral body due to size (AKA Zeus).

  27. Jupiter’s Course through Science • Copernicus established it as a planet.

  28. Jupiter’s Course through Science • Galileo’s telescope made the first image.

  29. Jupiter’s Course through Science • First space contact came with Pioneer 10 and 11 in 1973.

  30. Missions

  31. Voyager 1’s Time Lapse Approach, Approx. 60 Jupiter days

  32. Galileo Jupiter Atmospheric Entry Probe Spacecraft "Mission to Jupiter" 1989 NASA JPL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4O_Wp1tWbcI

  33. Jupiter: the Largest https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s56pxa9lpvo

  34. Sources • http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/science/jupiter.html • http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/media/jupiter_elements.jpg • http://nineplanets.org/jupiter.html • http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=Facts • http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Display=Moons&Object=Jupiter • http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci102/lectures/jupmoon.htm • http://starryskies.com/solar_system/Jupiter/jupiter_atmoshere.html • http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=Rings • http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/jupiter/redspot.html • http://www.windows2universe.org/jupiter/space_missions.html • Youtube • Various googleimages

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