1. Action Learning: Action is NOT . . . • NOT ‘active’ learning in training • NOT ‘interactive’ management games • NOT ‘participative’ classroom instruction

2. Action Learning: Action IS . . . • Taken in the organisation • It completes real improvements in the organisation • It makes necessary changes in the organisation

3. Action Learning: What some learning emphasises • Institutes teach • We teach what we know • What is known now, though, is past history . . . In action learning terms, this emphasis is called P

4. Action Learning: LEARNING • “P is necessary but insufficient” (Revans) • Q is what we come to know • It is for the future, not the past, and is emphasised throughout action learning L = P + Q