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English Syntax – Lecture 2

English Syntax – Lecture 2. David Brett University of Sassari 2007. Constructions. Copula constructions link subject and other phrase These can be of three types:. Other qualities of constructions. INTERROGATIVE V. DECLARATIVE INTERROGATIVE: YES/NO WH- ACTIVE V. PASSIVE

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English Syntax – Lecture 2

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  1. English Syntax – Lecture 2 David Brett University of Sassari 2007

  2. Constructions • Copula constructions link subject and other phrase • These can be of three types:

  3. Other qualities of constructions • INTERROGATIVE V. DECLARATIVE • INTERROGATIVE: • YES/NO • WH- • ACTIVE V. PASSIVE • DIRECT OBJECT v. OBLIQUE OBJECT v. DOUBLE OBJECT

  4. Example 1 • The dog eats brown biscuits • [NON-COPULA, DECLARATIVE, DIRECT OBJECT, ACTIVE]

  5. Example 2 • Where are the brown biscuits? • [COPULA, INTERROGATIVE, WH, LOCATIVE]

  6. Example 3 • How many linguists was the light bulb changed by? • [NON-COPULA, INTERROGATIVE, WH, PASSIVE]

  7. Classify these clauses • Jane is desperate • Coffee has been drunk for centuries. • Were they broken by the hooligans? • Are the books in the shop? • Where did they go for their dinner? • Who was the car crashed by?

  8. Classes of verbs and subcategorisation restrictions

  9. Classes of verbs and subcategorisation restrictions #2

  10. Classes of verbs and subcategorisation restrictions #3

  11. Classes of nouns

  12. What is wrong with the following? • The stone ate the apple. • The spaghetti are very tasty. • The dog promised not to do it again. • John put the ideas in another room. • The Michael is very good at football.

  13. What is wrong with the following?

  14. Fixed phrases (after Crystal)

  15. Main and subordinate clauses • Compound sentences consist of two or more clauses joined by conjunctions. e.g. • [I went to bed] but [Harry went out]. • [Jack painted the gate] and [I helped him a bit].

  16. Subordinate clauses • Complex sentences consist of a main clause and one or more, other clauses subordinate to it Main types of subordinate clause • complement clause • relative clause • adverbial clause

  17. Complement clauses • I like the idea that you came up with. NOUN COMPLEMENT • I feared that I would have to call the police. VERB COMPLEMENT

  18. Relative clauses • I liked the book that/which you gave me. • The man that/who attacked me is now in jail

  19. Adverbial clauses

  20. Can you identify and define the subordinate clauses (complement, relative or adverbial)? • I believe that she is sincere • They accept the theory that the earth is flat. • I called a girl that I had met last year. • Since you don’t like wine, I’ll get you a beer. • When you go home, don’t say a word about this. • A man who could play the piano helped us tune it. • If you don’t go away, I’ll call the police. • I’ll give them the book I got last year. • They fear that they will never be able to find the mountaineers.

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