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Properties of Matter

Properties of Matter. General Properties of Matter. Matter is anything that has mass and volume Everything is made of matter. What are properties?. Characteristics used to describe an object Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness.

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Properties of Matter

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  1. Properties of Matter

  2. General Properties of Matter • Matter is anything that has mass and volume • Everything is made of matter

  3. What are properties? • Characteristics used to describe an object • Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness

  4. I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter • A. Physical Properties(there’s no change in the composition) Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture, hardness, sonorosity (sound), luster (shiny), solubility, porosity(can absorb), BP,MP,FP, • Elasticity – ability of a material to be stretched.

  5. Flexibility – ability of a material to be bent.

  6. Malleability – ability of a material to be hammered into thin sheets

  7. Ductility – ability of a material to be turned into a thin wire.

  8. Hardness – ability of a material to be hardly broken.

  9. Brittleness – ability of a matter to be easily broken.

  10. Viscosity • The resistance of a liquid to flow • The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily • the greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves

  11. Conductivity - materials ability to allow heat to flow. Ex. metal vs. wood

  12. I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter • B. Chemical Properties (there’s a change in the composition) Ex: combustibility (combustion/burning) oxidation decomposition

  13. II. General Properties of matter • Possessed by all types of matter. • Mass, weight, volume, density and Impenetrability

  14. What is impenetrability? • No two objects can occupy the same space at the same time.

  15. What is mass? • Mass is the amount of matter in an object • Mass is constant. • The metric unit for mass is grams (g) • Kg, g, lbs • Platform balance, weighing scale

  16. Weight • The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object • Weight changes with gravity • The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

  17. Weight formula • 1 kg = 2.2 pounds • Weight is mass times acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2) • W= m x a • What is your mass? • What is your weight in Newtons?

  18. What is gravity? • The force of attraction between objects is gravity • All objects exert a gravitational force on each other

  19. Question • Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?

  20. Gravitational pull • The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

  21. What affects gravity? • The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases • gravity depends on mass and distance

  22. Gravity • The farther an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh

  23. Question • Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

  24. Volume • The amount of space taken up by an object. • Regularly-shaped solid v= l x w x h • Irregularly shaped solid – using displacement method • Liquid – using a graduated cylinder/beaker

  25. Density • It is a measure of compactness of how much mass is tightly squeezed into a given volume. • Is the ratio of mass and volume in an object. • D= M/V • g/ml or g/cm3

  26. Density • The density of water is 1.0 g/ml • Objects with densities greater than 1.0 g/ml will sink in water

  27. Density • Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water

  28. Ice • Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water • Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed

  29. Astronomy fact! • The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!

  30. Calculations • If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?

  31. Calculation • If 96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?

  32. Calculation • If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?

  33. What is specific gravity? • A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity

  34. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter • Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion

  35. Question • How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another?

  36. GAS LAWS

  37. Gas laws • Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume

  38. Charles Law • Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)

  39. Charles’ Law • As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases • Heating air causes it to expand

  40. Question • How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?

  41. Pressure • The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area

  42. Boyle’s Law • Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)

  43. Boyle’s law • If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law) • The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure

  44. Plasma • Plasma (phase) • most common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)

  45. Question • What are the four phases of matter? • Describe the plasma phase of matter.

  46. Phase changes (video) • Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation

  47. What is a physical change? • Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties • Type of matter remains the same

  48. Questions • Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).

  49. Physical changes • Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change

  50. Melting video • Phase change from a solid to a liquid

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