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due to because therefore consequently so since because of for then thereby as a result . Cause & effect. Examples. The weather was cold ; therefore, Sally closed the window. The weather was cold . Therefore, Sally put on her coat.
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due to because therefore consequently sosincebecause of forthentherebyas a result Cause & effect
Examples • The weather was cold; therefore, Sally closed the window. • The weather was cold. Therefore, Sally put on her coat. • The weather was cold. Consequently, Sally put on her scarf. • A blizzard hit the town. As a result, the schools were closed. • Do this one : He saw starving children ????? he helped. • Do this one: He helped ????? he saw starving children
Many species of wildlife are becoming extinct, __________ the rainforests are being destroyed. • therefore • since • so • consequently
2- __________ logging provides jobs and profits, the government is reluctant to control it. • So • Consequently • Due to • Because
3. Since July 4th is a holiday, ______ have to go to work. • so we do not • we do not • as a result, we do not • thus, we do not
4. Yousef went back to Saudi Arabia _______ to take care of some business in his company. • and he needed • because he needed • which he needed • because he need
5. _________, the temperature should begin dropping. • Now that the sun setting • Now that the sun set • The sun setting • Now that the sun has set
6. __________ any fish yet, she is going to change the bait she is using. • Because Ivy has not catched • Ivy has not caught • Because Ivy has not caught • Because Ivy had not caught
Ex. 2 : correct the transitions in the following paragraph: The invention of the rocket has sometimes had negative effects on human society. When, these devices have been used in warfare. Due to, people have sometimes been killed en masse. Rocket technology has improved with time but, rocket engines have come to possess greater range. Deadly "warheads" can, as a result, be sent to reach targets far away from the launch site. As a result the development of nuclear power, a rocket with a nuclear warhead can be result of deaths of millions of people in a few moments. Tens of millions more can possibly die due the spread of radioactive fallout from a single explosion.
Ex. 3 : Write a paragraph on the following topic: The negative effects of divorce on society
Our Lifestyles and Our Grandparents’ Lifestyles there are three main difference between our lifestyles and our grandparents’ lifestyles. the first of all, we use cars to move to another place, but our grand parents had been using animals to move to another places, for example, hourses and donkies. second we build our homes of stone in contrast, our grandparents was building their home of mud. finally , all of us nearly study in scools and universities. unlike us, our grandparents didn’t go to schools. In conclude our life styles are differents from our grandparents’ life styles in transportations, meterials of bulding and education.
Run-on What Is a Run-on Sentence? • A run-on is a sentence error caused by running one sentence into another, without putting any punctuation in between. • We all like grammar we all love this class.
What Is a Comma Splice? • A comma splice is a sentence error caused by putting just a poor, weak comma between two complete sentences. • We all like grammar , we all love this class. , sentence sentence
Which is correct? • I’m really good with punctuation because I have been practicing so much. • I’m really good with punctuation I have been practicing so much. • I’m really good with punctuation; because, I have been really practicing so much.
Correct the following run-ons and comma splices • People sell products over the Internet these people are making huge profits. • I believe that the teacher has been grading me unfairly, all she does is look for minor mistakes. • Kim sat on the bench and cheered for the team, Tom watched her as he defended the goal. • The professor stated that he especially favors personally connected papers these papers reflect the most emotion. • Anthony did not agree with the method he was taught, he found other means to solve the problem. • I learned the song on the piano I chose to never play it. • Nicole chose what she thought were the best answers to the questions, her grade did not reflect these choices.
Because my cat loves it. (so what ?) Since he came to New York. (what has been doing?) Unless you see me. (what will happen?) These sentences have incomplete ideas andend too quickly. They are calledsentence fragments.
Correct the following sentence fragments: • Hundreds of people in the streets. • If your parents think you are not doing your study. • Mrs. Maha gone to visit her mother at the hospital. • Driving in the city during the evening rush hour. • To apply for a job at the new store in the mall. • By the time Frank found out how expensive the cleaning job would be. • Many of his customers coming back three or four times over the summer. • His business been so busy that he has very little time for anything else. • Because she didn't want to tell where she had bought the strange outfit.
Complete the following paragraph: Learning a language is difficult, but it doesn’t have to be boring. I studied English at school for seven years, but I cannot speak a word of English now. The problem with learning English was my classes, not the language. The first problem was that our textbooks were too old and boring. For example, the pictures were black and white. ______________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________. To conclude, teachers should make classes more interesting and useful if they want their students to learn.
Parallelism Making your Sentence Structure Clear!!
Parallel Structure in Sentences • Betty has intelligence, honesty, and she is funny. • Good writing requires you to plan outlines, write several drafts, and revision • I left my job for several reasons: the pay was poor, long hours, I found the work tedious and equipment was dangerous. • The man’s two-hour speech was tiresome, inaccurate, and it was not necessary. • The assistant manager's duties are to arrive early, open the office, payroll management and supervising the staff. • We knew that George would become an entrepreneur because he had ambitious plans, independence, and he never wanted to take a vacation.
Adjective Clause • The adjective clause is used to modify a noun or a pronoun. They do what regular adjectives do – they describe nouns. • An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies or describes a noun. • It will begin with a relative pronoun (who, whose, whom, which, and that) or a subordinate conjunction (when,where, and since). • Those are the only wordsthat can be used to introduce an adjective clause.
Complete the following sentences using WHO, WHICH, WHOSE • This is the bank ___________ was robbed yesterday. • The boy ________ sister is in my class was in the bank. • The man ________ robbed the bank was carrying a gun. • He wore a mask ________ made him look like Mickey Mouse. • He came with a friend_______ waited outside in the car. • The woman _________ gave him the money was young. • The bag __________ contained the money was yellow. • The people _______were in the bank were very frightened. • A man _________mobile was ringing did not know what to do. • The car ______ the bank robbers escaped in was red.
Complete the following paragraph providing reasons and examples: Although many people like to live in small cities, I prefer to live in big cities for three reasons. First, social life in big cities is active. For example, I can communicate with different people and from different cultures.____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Third, living in big cities is very helpful and useful especially in finding jobs because there are a lot of companies that require employees. To conclude, living in big cities is beneficial in having perfect social life, enjoying good facilities and finding good jobs.
Complete the following paragraph providing reasons and examples: Although many people like to live in small cities, I prefer to live in big cities for three reasons. First, social life in big cities is active. For example, I can communicate with different people and from different cultures. Second, big cities also have a lot of facilities which make life much easier. For instance, you can easily find hospitals, universities and schools within a walking distance. In addition, there are a lot of entertainment areas, museums, and cultural centres where you can spend your free time. Third, living in big cities is very helpful and useful especially in finding jobs because there are a lot of companies that require employees. To conclude, living in big cities is beneficial in having perfect social life, enjoying good facilities and finding good jobs.
