The appendages of arthropods are

1. The appendages of arthropods are • found only on the head. • hard and immovable. • jointed and extend from the body wall. • divided into six branches.

2. What substance found in the skeleton of a desert-dwelling beetle is likely to be absent from the skeleton of an aquatic beetle? • chitin • wax • silk • protein

3. Figure 28–1 shows the respiratory system of a grasshopper. The structures labeled X are called • tracheal tubes. • Malpighian tubules. • book lungs. • book gills.

4. The structures labeled X in Figure 28–1 are filled with • water. • blood. • air. • nitrogenous wastes.

5. Which of the following habitats do arthropods occupy? • the sea • the land • the air • all of the above

6. Typical primitive arthropods had bodies that were composed of • many segments. • three segments. • one segment. • no segments.

7. The evolution of arthropods has led to • more body segments and more specialized appendages. • fewer body segments and more specialized appendages. • more body segments and fewer specialized appendages. • fewer body segments and fewer specialized appendages.

8. What does molting enable arthropods to do? • to breathe • to reproduce • to grow • to eat

9. Which of these events is the first to happen when an arthropod molts? • The animal fills with air or fluids. • A new skeleton is secreted. • The animal pulls itself out of the original skeleton. • Skin glands digest the inner part of the skeleton.

10. An arthropod is vulnerable to predators during the molting period because • it must come out of hiding to molt. • its new exoskeleton is soft. • molting cannot occur without the assistance of predators. • predators are more numerous during this period.

11. Which of the following invertebrates is NOT a crustacean? • horseshoe crab • fiddler crab • barnacle • crayfish

12. Arthropods are classified based on the number and structure of their • eyes and wings. • body segments and appendages. • muscles and bones. • gills and hearts.

13. Which appendages are especially important in the classification of arthropods? • mouthparts • legs • antennae • swimmerets

14. An example of a chelicerate is a • lobster. • centipede. • crayfish. • spider.

15. Insects are classified as • crustaceans. • arachnids. • uniramians. • chelicerates.

16. The easiest way to tell whether an arthropod is an insect or a spider is to • observe its color. • count its legs. • count its swimmerets. • measure the length of its body.

17. One similarity between a spider and a crayfish is that both animals have • chelicerae and pedipalps. • two pairs of antennae. • chelipeds and mandibles. • a cephalothorax and an abdomen.

18. The respiratory organ in terrestrial chelicerates is the • chelicera. • book lung. • book gill. • pedipalp.

19. Spiders feed by • swallowing their prey whole. • biting off and swallowing pieces of their prey. • sucking up prey tissues that have been liquefied by enzymes. • sipping nectar through a tubelike mouthpart.

20. How many pairs of legs are there on most body segments of a centipede? • one • two • five • six

21. If a butterfly touches sugar water with one of its legs, it usually will begin to feed. If it touches salt water, it usually will not feed. The most likely explanation for this difference in response is that butterflies • cannot tell the difference between sugar water and salt water. • can distinguish sugar water from salt water by sight. • use the ears behind their legs to distinguish sugar water from salt water. • have chemical receptors for taste on their legs.

22. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the evolutionary success of insects? • The ability to fly has allowed insects to colonize new habitats. • Insects as a group are not very diverse because there are relatively few species. • Insects use many sense organs to respond to stimuli. • Many insects have a life cycle in which the young are very different from adults.

23. The compound eyes of insects • are made of many lenses. • are located on the thorax. • produce an image that is more detailed than what humans see. • are not very good at detecting movement.

24. The body of an insect is divided into a • head and a thorax. • head and a cephalothorax. • head, a thorax, and an abdomen. • cephalothorax and an abdomen.

25. An insect can detect minute movements in its environment by using its compound eyes and its • Malpighian tubules. • tracheal tubes. • chelicerae. • sensory hairs.

26. Which of the following is NOT a stage of complete metamorphosis? • nymph • egg • larva • pupa

27. An example of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis is the • moth. • bee. • ladybug. • chinch bug.

28. One difference between a nymph and a larva is that a nymph • can fly, but a larva cannot. • is specialized for reproduction, but a larva is not. • resembles an adult of the same species, but a larva does not. • molts to become a pupa, but a larva molts to become an adult.

29. In most ant societies, egg-laying is performed by • the workers. • one queen. • hundreds of queens. • reproductive males.

30. Honeybees use dances to • lure insects of other species. • signal the death of a member of the colony. • attract mates. • convey information about food sources.

31. When a honeybee performs the waggle dance, the direction of the food is indicated by the • direction of the straight run. • number of straight runs in the dance. • number of circles in the dance. • frequency with which the bee changes direction.

32. To determine whether an animal is a cnidarian or an echinoderm, you should • determine its habitat. • find out if it has a backbone. • study its embryonic development. • discover whether it is aquatic or terrestrial.

33. In echinoderms, body parts usually occur in multiples of • two. • seven. • three. • five.

34. Echinoderms are like vertebrates in that echinoderms • are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae and as adults. • are deuterostomes. • have cephalization. • have an anterior end and a posterior end.

35. In most species of echinoderms, respiration occurs mainly in the • tube feet. • madreporite. • ring canal. • radial canals.

36. The skeleton of an echinoderm is an • exoskeleton made of calcium carbonate. • exoskeleton made of chitin. • endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate. • endoskeleton made of chitin.

37. In an echinoderm, the structure that operates like a living suction cup is the • madreporite. • tube foot. • stomach. • nerve ring.

38. The water vascular system of echinoderms is involved with each of the following body functions EXCEPT • respiration. • circulation. • movement. • reproduction.

39. Which of the following statements about the water vascular system of echinoderms is correct? • The ring canal connects to the madreporite. • The madreporite forms a circle around the animal’s mouth. • The tube feet are attached to the ring canal. • Each radial canal opens to the outside.

40. Which structure is part of an echinoderm’s water vascular system? • skin gill • anus • madreporite • stomach

41. The echinoderms that look like warty, moving pickles are • sea urchins. • sea cucumbers. • sea stars. • feather stars.

42. Sea lilies and feather stars • make up the oldest class of echinoderms. • feed by scraping algae from rocks. • are the only echinoderms that live in fresh water. • are disk-shaped echinoderms that often burrow into the sand.

43. The plates of the endoskeleton are reduced and contained inside a soft, muscular body wall in • sand dollars. • sea cucumbers. • sea urchins. • brittle stars.

44. Two echinoderms that are in the same class are • brittle stars and sea stars. • sea stars and sea cucumbers. • sea cucumbers and sea urchins. • sea urchins and sand dollars.

45. In the Great Barrier Reef of Australia, extensive areas of coral have been destroyed by the crown of thorns, which is a type of • sea cucumber. • sea urchin. • sea star. • sea lily.

46. One of the common features of arthropods is a tough endoskeleton. _________________________ • True • False

47. Living arthropods generally have fewer body segments than ancestral arthropods. _________________________ • True • False

48. The process in which an arthropod sheds its skeleton and manufactures a larger one is called flexing. _________________________ • True • False

49. The three major groups of arthropods are crustaceans, chelicerates, and uniramians. _________________________ • True • False

50. In a crayfish, the carapace is the part of the skeleton that covers the abdomen. _________________________ • True • False