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Atmospheric Neutrinos

Atmospheric Neutrinos. Stefan Söldner-Rembold University of Manchester 19 Decembe r 2013. Atmospheric Neutrinos . Provide complementary results with other neutrino sources. Increase precision of global fits of neutrino parameters. Tools to search for new physics. Three Questions.

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Atmospheric Neutrinos

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  1. Atmospheric Neutrinos Stefan Söldner-Rembold University of Manchester 19 December 2013

  2. Atmospheric Neutrinos • Provide complementary results with other neutrino sources. • Increase precision of global fits of neutrino parameters. • Tools to search for new physics. NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  3. Three Questions arXiv:1312.2878, see talk by E. Lisi Is θ23 mixing maximal and which is the right octant ? Is the mass hierarchy normal or inverted ? 3) Is δCP > 0 ? NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  4. Neutrino Propagation in the Earth ν ν ν Preliminary Reference Earth Model Atmospheric neutrinos interact with Earth’s mantle and core. - MSW effect alters oscillation properties (energy, electron density, MH and flavour dependent). - “parametric enhancement” at Core/Mantle interface. NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  5. MSW Effect +: neutrinos -: anti-neutrinos CC interactions Effective mixing angle in matter: Resonance condition for - neutrinos in normal hierarchy. - anti-neutrinos in inverted hierarchy. depends on energy and density profile. NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  6. MSW Effect in the Earth SK cosθ cosθ Energy Energy Distortions for cosθ < -0.5 and at 10 GeV caused by MSW effect arXiv:1310.6677 NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  7. Neutrino Energies 10 MeV 100 MeV 1 GeV 10 GeV 100 GeV 1 TeV 10 TeV 100 TeV 1 PeV 10 PeV Super-K Deep Core IceCube ANITA PINGU Borexino KamLAND Double Chooz Daya Bay SNO Fill gap in intermediate energy region in region of MSW resonance effects. Several future experiments: INO, PINGU, Hyper-K, LBNE.. NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  8. Super-Kamiokande Water Cherenkov Detector located in Mozumi Mine, Kamioka, Japan 50,000t of water 11,146 PMTs First observation of muon-neutrino deficit due to oscillations in 1993 NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  9. Super-Kamiokande (SKI-IV) red: un-oscillated blue: best oscillation fit NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  10. ντ Appearance (SK) Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 181802 (2013) fitted signal in grey Unambiguous evidence for oscillations (νμντ) since not present in source. 2806 day running period. Energy threshold E > 3.5 GeV. Reconstruct hadronic tau decays using neural network. 3.8 standard deviation significance (complements OPERA result) NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  11. MINOS see presentation by C. Backhouse 5,400 ton Far Detector Alternating layers of steel calorimeter and plastic scintillator. Magnetized for charge identification NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  12. MINOS Beam/Atmospheric Data NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  13. MINOS Combined Analysis NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  14. Future Experiments NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  15. Indian Neutrino Observatory Located in Madurai City, Tamil Nadu NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  16. ICAL@INO Iron sampling calorimeter (ICAL) with Resistive Plate Chamber (RPCs) as active component. 50,000 t of iron. 1.3-1.5 T magnetic field for charge identification and momentum reconstruction Pre-project activities approved. NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  17. INO Sensitivity arXiv: 1303.2534 sin2 2θ13= 0.12, 0.1, 0.08 and sin2θ23= 0.5. NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  18. PINGU Extension of IceCube located at the South Pole. 40 strings with 60 PINGU Digital Optical Modules (PDOMs) per string. Design still being optimised. In-fills DeepCore in clearest ice at bottom centre of IceCube. Effective mass about 3Mt for energies > 5 GeV NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  19. PINGU μ direction 4.4 GeVνµ Nγ: circle size tγ: colour PINGU Digital Optical Module: HQE PMT, electronics, pressure vessel. Very similar to IceCube DOM. NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  20. MH Signature Need good energy and angular resolution. Energy + = Pattern A NH IH + = Pattern B cos(θ) Diagonals are lines of constant L/E NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  21. “Distinguishability” Parametrized reconstruction, PID: cascades Parametrized reconstruction, PID: tracks With realistic particle identification No systematics NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  22. PINGU Consistent results from different statistical techniques, includes systematics (mainly energy scale, cross sections). First vs second octant First octant only Expect 1.75 standard deviations after first year of data. Reach 3 standard deviations in roughly 3 years. PINGU currently being considered by P5 in the US – will possibly be part of a larger NSF facility at South Pole. NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  23. KM3NeT/ORCA • 1000 optical moduleswith 6 m spacing, over 50 strings. • Semi random pattern in a circular footprint. • Mean distance between strings is 20 m. • - Instrumented volume: 1.8 Mton not being pursued ? NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  24. LBNE LBNE Far Detector needs to be underground for atmospheric neutrino detection. see talk by R. Wilson Data taking to start around 2025 Liquid Argon TPC ArgoNeuT NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  25. LBNE 35 kt x 10 yrs = 350 kt-yrs arXiv:1307.7335 NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  26. LBNE arXiv:1307.7335 NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  27. Hyper-Kamiokande arXiv:1109.3262 8 km south of SK Total mass: 1 Mt Fiducial mass: 560 kt (25 times SK) 99,000 inner detector PMTs (20’’) Data taking expected to start 2023 NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  28. Sensitivity to Mass Hierarchy 10 years of data Lowest sensitivity for first octant. arXiv:1309.0184 NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  29. Sensitivity to θ23 Octant 10 years of data NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  30. Mass Hierarchy Bottom Line arXiv:1311.1822 plus Hyper-K with > 3 sigma around 2033. NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

  31. Summary • Atmospheric neutrinos are a unique source of information, • complementary to neutrino long-baseline beam results. • Several next-generation experiments based on (frozen) water • (PINGU, Hyper-K), liquid argon (LBNE) or iron sampling • calorimeters (INO) are currently being designed. • These experiments have potential to determine neutrino mass • hierarchy and to constrain θ23 , providing, among others, • important input for δCP determinations. NuPhys 2013 - Söldner-Rembold  

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