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Medieval Medicine and Science: Understanding Diseases and Knowledge

This overview explores the intersection of diseases, medicine, astronomy, philosophy, education, and mathematics during the medieval period. Key diseases such as dysentery, gonorrhea, leprosy, and the plague highlight the medical challenges of the time. Spiritual influences on medicine emphasized balance in bodily humors. Astronomy was crucial for predicting religious events, while philosophy faced the conflict of faith versus reason. Education evolved with the establishment of universities, focusing on grammar and the teachings of various disciplines. Furthermore, mathematics grew to support the needs of wealthy merchants and their sons.

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Medieval Medicine and Science: Understanding Diseases and Knowledge

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  1. Bobby Pace Bobby Gendron Riley Cochrane Medieval Science

  2. Diseases • Dysentery- an infection caused by bacteria spread through the contamination of food • Gonorrhea- an infection of the genital tract spread through sexual contact • Leprosy- a bacterial infection transmitted by breathing/ contact • Malaria- a disease spread by mosquitoes • Measles- highly contagious disease spread through respiration

  3. Diseases continued • Plague- transmitted by flea bites (different forms) • Smallpox- severe, highly contagious disease spread by inhalation • Typhoid Fever- bacillary infection transmitted by feces

  4. Medicines • Medicine had spiritual influences it wasn’t based on science • They used spells and herbs • The theories of medicine stated that each person had four humours (principal fluids)- Black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood • These fluids were produced by various organs • These humours had to be in balance • The humours could be balanced by diet, medicine, and blood-letting

  5. Astronomy • Astronomy was important for religious reasons • It was used to predict when holy days would occur • Based on four main celestial bodies • The Sun • Moon • Stars • The planets

  6. Astronomy continued • Medieval astronomy was restricted by the church • Astronomers observed movement of stars and the sun

  7. Philosophy • Medieval thinkers did not consider themselves as philosophers • Three principles of philosophy at the time were: • The use of logic • Dialect • Analysis • One of the most heavily debated topics was Faith vs. Reason

  8. Education • They started formal schooling during the middle ages • In the late middle ages they established universities • Education was based on religion • Young students focused on grammar • Later they learned arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy • In the universities they learned philosophy and theology

  9. Mathematics • A subculture of mathematics were need to train the sons of young wealthy merchants • They learned math in Arabic • They used horizontal bars for fractions • They developed algebra (combined Indian and Babylonian material with Greek geometry) • Greeks discovered irrational numbers

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