HVACR215 – Mechanical for Oil

1. HVACR215 – Mechanical for Oil Oil Burner Parts

2. It is important to learn all the parts on a oil burner and what they do to make sure they are doing what they are designed to do. • There are several parts of an oil burner: • Motor • Blower wheel • Transformer • Blower housing • Adjustable air inlet collar • Flexible coupler • Fuel pump • Air tube • Mounting flange • End cone • Static disc • Nozzle • Electrodes

3. Burner Motor • A small fractional horsepower motor turns the fan and fuel pump. • It is mounted on the burner by an end flange. • The shaft protrudes into the burner assembly through the blower wheel and has a flexible coupler on the end.

4. The blower wheel • The blower wheel is fastened to the motor shaft. • The fan wheel is called a squirrel cage fan wheel because it resembles the treadmill device used in a squirrel cage • The fan creates pressure and forces air into the air tube of the burner for combustion.

5. Flexible coupler • The flexible coupler extends the motor shaft to the shaft of the fuel pump and turns the pump. • The shaft is not always in perfect alignment, so the flexible coupler helps prevent vibration.

6. Fuel Pump • The fuel pump is rotary pump that can pump high pressure. • This pressure is normally limited to 100 psi. an internal spring loaded bypass allows some oil to circumvent to the pump inlet in order to limit the pressure to the nozzle.

7. There are two types of pumps used in oil heat: • Single stage pump • Two stage pumps • Fuel pumps will be covered more in depth later.

8. Oil Nozzle • The high pressure of 100 psi force the oil through a calibrated “oil Nozzle”. • The nozzle prepares the oil to be mixed with the air by breaking the oil into tiny droplets that vaporizes easily.

9. It also meters the oil in the correct amount and, as the oil leaves the nozzle, it is set into a swirling pattern to help it mix with the air. • This pattern can be adjusted to fit the particular application.

10. Ignition Transformers • The oil must be ignited to burn. • A high voltage transformer supplies approximately 10,000 volts at a very low amperage. • It is much like the voltage at the spark plug on an car. • The transformer is mounted on the gun burner as part of the assembly.

11. Electrodes • The voltage from the transformer is supplied to the electrodes. • They perform almost the same function as spark plugs on a car. • They control the spark and ignite the oil.

12. Blower Housing • The blower housing does exactly what it’s name is. • It hold the blower wheel and directs the airflow into the air tube. It is mounted as part of the gun burner assembly.

13. Adjustable air inlet collar • Is used to regulate the air to the blower. • This is the only air adjustment for combustion and is important for correct combustion.

14. Air tube • Surrounds the oil nozzle assembly. • Air from the blower is forced down the air tube under a slight pressure from the fan wheel.

15. Static disc • The static disc in the air tube creates a resistance that backs up the air. • The backed up air creates static pressure and increases the air velocity for mixing the air with the atomizing oil.

16. End Cone • Te end cone is the last component before the actual fire. • It swirls the air from the air tube to mix it with the atomized oil droplets. • The more activity at the end cone, the better the oil droplets will be aerated and the better they will burn. • This activity must be controlled in order to hold the correct flame pattern.