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Respiratory Physiology

Respiratory Physiology . 4 Parts of Respiration. Pulmonary ventilation - air moving into and out of lungs External respiration - gas exchange; blood - alveoli Respiratory gas transport - transport of gases via bloodstream Internal respiration - gas exchange; blood - cells.

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Respiratory Physiology

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  1. Respiratory Physiology

  2. 4 Parts of Respiration • Pulmonary ventilation- air moving into and out of lungs • External respiration- gas exchange; blood - alveoli • Respiratory gas transport- transport of gases via bloodstream • Internal respiration- gas exchange; blood - cells

  3. 3D view of moving diaphragm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY

  4. Respiratory Capacities • tidal volume- normal quiet breathing, ~500 ml of air (1 pint) into and out of lungs/breath • inspiratory reserve volume - more air can be forcibly inhaled than during normal breathing ~2100 — 3200 ml (a 2-3 Liter bottle of soda) • expiratory reserve volume- more air can be forcibly exhaled than during normal breathing ~1700 ml • residual volume -after forcible exhalation about 1200 ml of air remains in lungs and cannot be voluntarily exhaled = (1 liter bottle of soda) • vital capacity total amount of exchangeable air

  5. Spirometers…slightly better than ours

  6. Gas Exchange • Occurs across the alveolar capillary membrane • Alveoli • Thin flaps of tissue that are inflated by air • Have holes so air can fill sac if bronchioles are clogged • Produce surfactant • Lined with “dust cells” white blood cells to prevent illness

  7. Oxygen Transport in Blood • Accomplished via blood • RBC  carry O2 on hemoglobin • Plasma (liquid part of blood)  has O2 dissolved in it • Works because the likes O2 high affinity • But CO has a higher affinity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LjLFrmKTSA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTMYSGXhJ4E

  8. If… • Oxygen level are low in the blood  hypoxic • Low O2 can lead to a person becoming cyanotic which causes necrosis

  9. CO2 in blood… • When CO2 enters blood RBC join… • Carbonic acid is unstable and breaks into H+ & HCO3- HCO3- is a GREAT buffer… but if too much H+ accumulates…

  10. CO2 in blood… Page 454 in text book Oxygen transport in blood https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LjLFrmKTSA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-f3RL0KiUg

  11. Neural Regulation of Breathing • Rhythm is set by the ponsand medulla (parts of the brainstem) • Pons- assists medulla by sending sensory input to the medulla • Medulla- sets basic rhythm 12-18 breaths/min; sends message to diaphragm & intercostals to contract via the phrenic nerve (hiccups) • Eupnea- normal breathing (phrenic nerve) • Hyperpnea- deeper, more vigorous breathing (exercise)

  12. Your Medulla + Alcohol = • Alcohol is a depressant • Alcohol inhibits the medulla’s function • Too much inhibits your reflexes… no gag or cough reflex… don’t drink when passed out!!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Wbq2tWomSk

  13. Other factors that influence Respiratory Rate • Physical factors • Temp, talking, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping, exercising • Conscious Control • Singing, swimming underwater, swallowing • Emotional Factors • Sad crying, fear, anxiousness • Chemical Factors • Many but most important is CO2 concentration

  14. Regulation of Breathing in Controlled Chemoreceptors • Chemoreceptors sense a chemical change in blood composition • Inc. or dec. of H+ in blood • When an inc. of H+ is detected  medulla to breathes more • When a dec. of H+ is detected  medulla breathes less

  15. Spirometer Lab Data

  16. Respiratory Capacities • tidal volume- normal quiet breathing, ~500 ml of air (1 pint) into and out of lungs/breath • inspiratory reserve volume - more air can be forcibly inhaled than during normal breathing ~2100 — 3200 ml (a 2-3 Liter bottle of soda) • expiratory reserve volume- more air can be forcibly exhaled than during normal breathing ~1700 ml • residual volume -after forcible exhalation about 1200 ml of air remains in lungs and cannot be voluntarily exhaled = (1 liter bottle of soda)

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