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Explore the role and importance of key cell organelles like Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosome, Chloroplast, and more in cell physiology. Understand how these structures contribute to cellular functions and maintain a cell's integrity.
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Mitochondria • Transfers energy to ATP which powers most of the cell’s reactions • “Powerhouse” of the cell
Ribosomes • The site where proteins are made • Found inthe rough E.R.
Endoplasmic Reticulum • Prepares proteins for export and synthesizes steroids
Rough ER makes proteins in ribosomes, they leave in vesicles and go to the Golgi apparatus
The Cytoskeleton • The system of protein fibers that supports the shape of a cell • Function in cell structure and movement
Golgi Apparatus • Processes and packages substances produced by the cell
Lysosome • A vesicle that digests molecules & old organelles
Chloroplast • Enables plants to make carbs from carbon dioxide and water
Cilia and Flagella • Hairlike structures that enable cell movement or move substances across a cell’s surface
Examples: • Respiratory tract • Bacteria cell Cilia Flagella
Features unique to plant cells • Cell walls • Plastids • Central vacuoles
Central Vacuole • When filled with water; keeps plant cells rigid Also stores waste, enzymes, pigments, toxins etc.
Plastids-contain their own DNA • Include chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts