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Cancer Basics

Cancer Basics. The abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells, which if left untreated, can ultimately cause death 85 million Americans will develop cancer at some time in their lives Benign tumors: do not spread to neighboring tissues

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Cancer Basics

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  1. Cancer Basics • The abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells, which if left untreated, can ultimately cause death • 85 million Americans will develop cancer at some time in their lives • Benign tumors: do not spread to neighboring tissues • Malignant tumors: can invade surrounding structures and spread to distant sites

  2. Cancer • Cells dividing uncontrollably form an initial visible mass or "primary" tumor. Once cells from the primary tumor break off, secondary tumors develop. All new secondary tumors are labeled by the type of the primary tumor. High---- --Low

  3. Common Cancers • Lung cancer • responsible for nearly 157,000 deaths each year • 87% of cases involve tobacco smoke • Colon and rectal cancer • linked to diet and genetic predisposition • Breast cancer • most common cancer in women • Prostate cancer • most common cancer in men

  4. Cancers of the Female Reproductive Tract • Cervical cancer • more than 80% of cases are sexually transmitted • Pap test used for screening • Uterine (endometrial) cancer • most often occurs after age 55 • Ovarian cancer • rare and difficult to detect

  5. Skin Cancer • Caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation • 3 types of skin cancer • basal cell • squamous cell • melanoma • Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing

  6. Other Cancers • Oral cancer • cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, throat • primarily traced to smoking, spit tobacco, excessive alcohol consumption • more than twice as common in men as in women • Testicular cancer • most common cancer in men age 29-35 • Bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, leukemias, lymphomas

  7. Cancer Risk Factors • Tobacco • Diet and obesity • Sedentary lifestyle • Family history of cancer • Occupational factors • Viruses and other biological agents • Alcohol • Environmental pollution • Ultraviolet radiation

  8. Preventing Cancer • Avoid tobacco • Control diet and weight • Exercise regularly • Protect skin from sun • Avoid environmental and occupational carcinogens • Follow ACS screening guidelines

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