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Understanding Light Refraction and Its Phenomena

This article explores the concept of light refraction, highlighting how light behaves when it transitions between different mediums, such as air and water. It discusses key phenomena, including total internal reflection and critical angles, using relatable analogies and practical examples, such as how fish appear closer to the surface. The piece covers diverging and converging lenses, their significance in optics, as well as the dispersion of light and rainbows, providing a comprehensive overview of these fascinating optical effects.

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Understanding Light Refraction and Its Phenomena

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  1. Normal Line Less Dense More Dense

  2. Normal Line #1 Fast Slow Light Beam AIR WATER AIR

  3. Normal Line More Dense Less Dense

  4. Normal Line #1 Fast Slow Fast Normal Line #2 Light Beam AIR WATER AIR

  5. Refraction Examples • Light slows down when it goes from air into water and bends toward the normal. • An Analogy: A car slows down when it goes from pavement onto gravel and turns toward the normal. • An Illusion : Fish in the water appear closer and nearer the surface. (See Figure 28.27)

  6. http://cougar.slvhs.slv.k12.ca.us/~pboomer/physicslectures/secondsemester/light/refraction/refraction.htmlhttp://cougar.slvhs.slv.k12.ca.us/~pboomer/physicslectures/secondsemester/light/refraction/refraction.html

  7. Refraction Observer AIR WATER False Fish True Fish

  8. Lenses • Diverging Lens • A lens that is thinner in the middle than at the edges, causing parallel light rays to diverge. • Converging Lens • A lens that is thicker in the middle and refracts parallel light rays passing through to a focus.

  9. Diverging or Concave Lens C C F F

  10. Converging or Convex Lens C F C F

  11. Converging or Convex Lens C F C F

  12. Converging or Convex Lens C F C F

  13. Converging or Convex Lens C F C F

  14. Converging or Convex Lens C F C F

  15. Converging or Convex Lens C F C F

  16. Myopia (Near-Sightedness) People with near-sightedness cannot see clearly at distance.

  17. Hyperopia (Farsightedness) People with far-sightedness cannot see clearly up close

  18. Total Internal Reflection... …is the total reflection of light traveling in a medium when it strikes a surface of a less dense medium

  19. Refraction Critical Angle AIR WATER Total Internal Reflection Light Source

  20. http://cougar.slvhs.slv.k12.ca.us/~pboomer/physicslectures/secondsemester/light/refraction/refraction.htmlhttp://cougar.slvhs.slv.k12.ca.us/~pboomer/physicslectures/secondsemester/light/refraction/refraction.html

  21. Total Internal Reflection occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. • The critical angle for an air-water interface is 48°. • Fish can see everything above the water’s surface in a 96° cone of vision. • Demo - Laser and light pipe

  22. http://cougar.slvhs.slv.k12.ca.us/~pboomer/physicslectures/secondsemester/light/refraction/refraction.htmlhttp://cougar.slvhs.slv.k12.ca.us/~pboomer/physicslectures/secondsemester/light/refraction/refraction.html

  23. Dispersion... • …is the separation of white light into pure colors (ROY G. BIV). • Dispersion Examples: • Prisms • Diffraction Gratings • CD’s • Raindrops

  24. Rainbows • Raindrops refract, reflect and disperse sunlight. • Rainbows will always appear opposite of the Sun in the sky. • You cannot run from or run to a rainbow!

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