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England Divided

England Divided. Parliament and the Monarchy Fight for Power 1485-1688. Objective. SWBAT understand how the English Civil War and the development of the commonwealth led to the Glorious Revolution. DO NOW: Tuesday 11/27/12.

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England Divided

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  1. England Divided Parliament and the Monarchy Fight for Power 1485-1688

  2. Objective • SWBAT understand how the English Civil War and the development of the commonwealth led to the Glorious Revolution

  3. DO NOW: Tuesday 11/27/12 • On the back of your notes, list the PROS and CONS of an absolute monarch such as Louis XIV of France.

  4. Absolute Monarch Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED by Cromwell Popular Ruler dies 1685 Abdicates in 1688 Constitutional Government! English Bill of Rights

  5. Map of The United Kingdom

  6. The Tudors Rule England • 1485-1603 • Tudor monarchs • Henry VIII & Elizabeth • Control parliament tactfully • Recognize & respect its role in government • 1603 – Elizabeth dies, leaving throne to Stuart cousin James VI of Scotland (James I of England)

  7. Stuart King James I Rules • 1603-1625 • James I becomes King (son of Mary Queen of Scots) • Mary was executed by Elizabeth, leaving James as the closest relative to assume throne • immediately clashes with parliament • Scolds parliament for usurping royal power • Parliament responds with a declaration of its own rights • In the last parliament of his reign, King James gives in to Parliament

  8. Stuart King Charles I Rules • 1625-1649 • Charles dissolves Parliament when it tries to expand powers to deal with an economic crisis • Parliament act of 1628 produces the Petition of Right (No taxes w/o consent, No jailing w/o legal justification) • Later Parliament clashes with Charles over what they think are violations of the document • Charles dissolves Parliament again

  9. The Long Parliament Meets • 1640-1653 • Faced with economic problems and an invasion by Scotland, Charles is forced to call Parliament • The Long Parliament (as it is known) works to steadily expand its powers • Eventually Charles strikes back • Motto: “Give Caesar his due”

  10. The English Civil War Rages • War breaks out between Parliament’s Roundheads and Charles I’s Cavaliers • The parliamentary forces, led by Oliver Cromwell, eventually win • 1649: Charles I is executed

  11. Exit Ticket Was the English Civil War successful? WHY or WHY NOT? EXPLAIN!

  12. “Why Did Parliament Win the Civil War?” • Read the background information and answer corresponding questions

  13. The English Commonwealth • Parliament abolishes the monarchy and House of Lords • Parliament rules as a commonwealth • Cromwell is leader • Problems plague the nation – Cromwell is a military leader • Commonwealth falls apart upon Cromwell’s death in 1658 • Groups who favor a monarchy gain power

  14. The Monarchy is Restored • 1660-1685 • Charles II works with Parliament to repair the shattered nation • Eventually clashes with Parliament when he works to restore Catholicism • 1678: Charles dissolves Parliament and builds the monarchy’s power • His successor, James II, continues to push for Catholic power and incites a backlash  PRODUCES MALE HEIR **CATHOLIC**

  15. The Glorious Revolution • William and Mary (James II’s Protestant daughter) are asked to become England’s monarchs • 1688King James II, wife & child flee to France • Assures Parliament’s power • William &Mary had to agree to very limited powers under Parliament’s domination • 1689: Signed the English Bill of Rights

  16. The English Bill of Rights • Ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy • Required the monarch to summon Parliament regularly and gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” – control over spending • King or Queen could no longer interfere with parliamentary debates or suspend laws • Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne

  17. The English Bill of Rights • Also restated the traditional rights of English citizens • Trial by jury • Abolished excessive fines • Cruel and unjust punishment • Affirmed the principle of habeas corpus • No person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

  18. Toleration Act 1689 • Granted limited religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters • BUT only members of the Church of England could hold public office • Catholics were not allowed any religious freedoms • timeline

  19. Absolute Monarch Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED by Cromwell Popular Ruler dies 1685 Abdicates in 1688 English Bill of Rights

  20. Wrap Up • Why was the “Age of Absolutism” 1550-1800 such a chaotic time in European history? • Consider: Elizabeth, Philip II, Louis XIV, English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, and Constitutional Government

  21. Exit Ticket: Wednesday 11/28/12 • Why was Thomas Hobbes such a strong supporter of an Absolute Ruler? • What was the Petition of Right? • What was the result of the English Civil War? • What was the Commonwealth? Who led the Commonwealth?

  22. The English Bill of Rights • Primary Source

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