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COPING WITH EXTREME TEMPERATURE

COPING WITH EXTREME TEMPERATURE. ADAPTATION: an anatomical, physiological or behavioral characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce under prevailing environmental conditions. ADAPTATION: Result from Evolutionary Processes. Reproductive Output

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COPING WITH EXTREME TEMPERATURE

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  1. COPING WITH EXTREME TEMPERATURE ADAPTATION: an anatomical, physiological or behavioral characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce under prevailing environmental conditions.

  2. ADAPTATION: Result from Evolutionary Processes Reproductive Output Exceeds Capacity of Environment

  3. ADAPTATION: Result from EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES Variation

  4. ADAPTATION: Result from EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES Intraspecific Competition

  5. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA

  6. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA: Sulphur Oxidase Function PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA: Population Growth Rate Figs. 5.13, 5.14 in Molles 2013

  7. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology Photosynthesis Boreal Moss Desert Shrub

  8. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology (Photosynthesis) Fig. 5.12 in Molles 2010

  9. ADAPTATIONS: Behavior/Physiology METABOLIZABLE ENERGY INTAKE (MEI) (Sceloporus undulatus) MEI = C – F - U

  10. ADAPTATIONS: Behavior/Physiology Fig. 5.11 in Molles 2010

  11. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology 20o C Oo – 4o C RAINBOW TROUT

  12. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (promotes breakdown of acetylcholine)

  13. ADAPTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE

  14. ACCLIMATION: Physiological adjustment to change in environmental factor within one organism during its lifetime [Note: The ABILITY to Acclimate is an Adaptation]

  15. Demonstrating Acclimation (Grow shrubs from Same Population in Different Conditions) Grown in Cold Environment Grown in Hot Environment

  16. ACCLIMATION Fig. 5.13 in Molles 2010 Acclimation: Physiological Adjustment to change in an environmental factor

  17. Regulating Body Temperature Poikilotherm: Body temperature varies directly with environment

  18. Regulation of Body Temperature Ectotherm Endotherm Relies on External Energy Sources Relies on Internal Energy Sources

  19. Homeotherms Endotherms that rely on Metabolic Heat to Maintain Constant Temperature

  20. HEAT EXCHANGE

  21. HEAT EXCHANGE Fig. 5.15 in Molles 2013

  22. Hcd: Hcv: He: Hm: Hr:

  23. Temperature Regulation: Desert Plants Desert Marigold

  24. Temperature Regulation: Desert Plants Fig. 5.17 in Molles 2013

  25. Temperature Regulation: Arctic / Alpine Plants Alpine Chickweed

  26. Temperature Regulation: Arctic / Alpine Plants Fig. 5.17 in Molles 2013

  27. Temperature Regulation: Animals

  28. Temperature Regulation: Animals ECTOTHERMS: Rely on external sources of energy to regulate temperature

  29. Temperature Regulation: Animals Coping with Extreme Temperatures

  30. Temperature Regulation: Animals Clear-Winged Grasshopper (and Grasshopper Fungus)

  31. Temperature Regulation: Animals Fig. 5.21 in Molles 2013

  32. Temperature Regulation: Animals Grasshopper Fungus Fig. 5.22 in Molles 2013

  33. Temperature Regulation: Animals ENDOTHERMS: Relies on internal sources of energy to regulate temperature (= Homeotherms)

  34. Temperature Regulation: Animals THERMAL NEUTRAL ZONE Fig. 5.24 in Molles 2015

  35. OUTSIDE THE THERMAL NEUTRAL ZONE?

  36. Temperature Regulation: Animals Countercurrent Circulation Fig. 5.25 in Molles 2013

  37. Temperature Regulation: Animals HIBERNATION ESTIVATION INACTIVITY TORPOR

  38. Temperature Regulation: Animals Fig. 5.28 in Molles 2013

  39. Temperature Regulation: Animals Skunk Cabbage

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