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The Development of a Compact Pyroelectric X-Ray Generator

The Development of a Compact Pyroelectric X-Ray Generator. Ross McCart. HMS Sultan. Nuclear Department. Project Aims. Build a Pryoelectric X-Ray Source. Test and characterise the source. (Modify design if necessary) Research into increasing energy of X-Rays

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The Development of a Compact Pyroelectric X-Ray Generator

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  1. The Development of a Compact Pyroelectric X-Ray Generator Ross McCart HMS Sultan Nuclear Department

  2. Project Aims • Build a Pryoelectric X-Ray Source. • Test and characterise the source. (Modify design if necessary) • Research into increasing energy of X-Rays • Possibly couple source with X-Ray collimator. • (Adapt the source to enable the production of Neutrons)

  3. X-Ray Tube

  4. Pyroelectric Materials • Non-conducting crystals develop an electric polarisation when they are subjected to a uniform temperature change. • Only in crystals with a Polar axis. • The requirements are fulfilled in about 10 out of the 32 crystal classes. • Effect known since 314 B.C • Pyroelectric effect found in motion detection, pollution monitors and in bones. • Tourmaline, Sugar cane, Lithium Tantalate and Barium Niobate

  5. + -- Properties of Lithium Tantalate Ferroelectric Effect – Polarising the crystal Z+ LiTaO3 Z-

  6. + + Ta Ta Z- O O O O O O + + Li Li Crystal LiTaO3

  7. Properties of the Crystal Pyroelectric Constant Emission Current The rate of polarisation per change in temperature. Negative as polarisation occurs when crystal cools. -2.3x10-4Cm-2K-1 for LiTaO3 For a 100°C change over 180 seconds an emission current of 2x10-8Amps is predicted. 6.25x1010 electrons per second

  8. - + + Cg CC Cg CC Potential Difference

  9. X Ray Production Cooling Cycle Heating Cycle Source Amptek

  10. Setup

  11. Advantages and Disadvantages • Low power, approximately 1.4mW. • Runs on a 12V battery or power supply. • Handheld and portable. • No Radioactive Sources. • Solid State – no moving parts • X-Ray Flux approximately 108 Photons per second • Isotropic production of X-Rays • Not a continuous flux • Cannot be turned off instantaneously • Limited end point energy with one crystal setup.

  12. Potential Uses • Security • X-Ray fluorescence • Radiography • Teaching and Research • Bomb Disposal • Non-destructive testing Wikipedia

  13. 2.45MeV 14.10MeV Neutron Generation The potential barrier of deuterium is 288keV, however the deuterium ions are able to tunnel under the barrier, lowering the energy required.

  14. Goals • Short Term • Complete Build • Characterise the electric field from X Ray emission • Research Areas of Interest • Two Crystal Setup – Increasing Tube Potential • Stacking Crystals – Increasing Crystal Thickness • Continuous Flux Using Multiple Crystals

  15. Acknowledgments • Dr Ian Giles • Dr Kirk D Atkinson • Miss Samantha Morris • Sean Jarmen • And other members of staff at the Nuclear Department. Any Questions?

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