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A New World of Many Cultures

A New World of Many Cultures. The Convergence of Empires and Cultures (1491-1607). Essential Question. Analyze the ways in which geography affects the social, economic, and political structures of a given society. Cultures of Central and South America. Central America Mayan (300-800 A.D. )

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A New World of Many Cultures

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  1. A New World of Many Cultures The Convergence of Empires and Cultures (1491-1607)

  2. Essential Question • Analyze the ways in which geography affects the social, economic, and political structures of a given society.

  3. Cultures of Central and South America • Central America • Mayan (300-800A.D.) • Yucatán • Aztec (1426-1521) • Tenochtitlán • South America • Inca (1438-1533) • Andes

  4. Cultures of North America • Characteristics: • Small, semi-permanent settlements • Gender Roles: • Men: tool-making, hunting • Women: Gathering and growing crops • Language • 20 language families • Over 400 distinct dialects

  5. Southwest Settlements • Major Groups: • Hohokam • Anasazi • Pueblo • Characteristics: • Farming & Irrigation • Cave dwellings & multistoried buildings

  6. Northwest Settlements • Major Groups: • Tlingit • Chinook • Characteristics: • Permanent plank houses • Hunting, fishing, gathering • Art: carvings & totem poles

  7. Great Plains • Major Groups: • Sioux • Apache • Characteristics: • Nomadic, tepees • Hunting, tool-making • Buffalo • Some farming tribes • Impact of horse (post-European contact)

  8. Midwest Settlements • Major Groups: • Adena-Hopewell • Cahokia/Mississippian • Characteristics: • Mound builders • Large settlements

  9. Northeast Settlements • Major Groups: • Algonquins • Iroquois Confederacy • Five independent tribes • Characteristics: • Permanent • Longhouses • Three-Sister Agriculture • Tribal dominance

  10. The dawn of the 16th Century Europe Moves toward exploration

  11. Essential Questions: • What factors contributed to the growth of European exploration in the late 15th and early 16th centuries? • What impact did exploration have on both Native and European cultures?

  12. Factors Contributing to Exploration • Technology • Compass • Gunpowder • The caravel & lateen sail • Social & Cultural • Religious conflict • Christians vs. Moors in Spain • Protestant Reformation

  13. Expanding Trade • New Routes to Asia • Portuguese dominance of African routes • Prince Henry the Navigator • Vasco da Gama • Slave Trade • West Africa • Resistance

  14. Early Explorations • Columbus • Legacy • The Columbian Exchange • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) • Spain & Portugal

  15. Spanish Exploration & Conquest • Feats • “discovery” of Pacific: Balboa • Circumnavigation: Magellan • The Conquistadores • Cortés: Aztecs • Pizarro: Incas • Encomienda& casta systems* • Asientosystem

  16. English Exploration • John Cabot & Newfoundland (1497) • Sir Francis Drake vs. the Spanish Armada • The Elizabethan Age • Roanoke (1587) • Sir Walter Raleigh

  17. French Exploration • Verrazano (1524) & Cartier (1534-1542) • New York & the St. Lawrence • Champlain (1608) • Quebec • Jolliet, Marquette, & La Salle (1672-1682) • The Mississippi & Louisiana

  18. Dutch Claims • Hudson (1609) • New Amsterdam • Dutch West India Company

  19. Early Colonization Spanish Settlements in North America

  20. Spanish Settlements • Florida • St. Augustine (1565) • New Mexico • Santa Fe (1610) • Popé’s Rebellion (Pueblo Revolt – 1680) • Texas • California • San Diego (1769) • San Francisco (Presidio – 1776) • Junípero Serra & the mission system

  21. The Impact of Exploration European Treatment of Native Americans

  22. Essential Question • Analyze the cultural and economic responses of the following groups to the Native Americans of North America before 1750: • Spanish • British • French

  23. Spanish Treatment • Spanish Policy • Casta system • Mestizos & Mulattos • Las Casas vs. de Sepúlveda • La LayendaNegra • The Valladolid Debate (1550-1551)

  24. English Treatment* • Chesapeake • Anglo-Powhatan Wars (VA) • New England • Trade and coexistence • Seizure of land • King Philip’s War • Policy: Expulsion

  25. French Policy • Sought a Mutually beneficial relationship • Fur trade • Limited settlements: forts/trade outposts • Aided Huron against the Iroquois • Attempts at conversion

  26. Native American Reaction • Action • Introduction of new goods • Violent treatment and introduction of new diseases • European rivalries & warfare • Reaction • Served as motivation for interaction • Decimation and adaptation in order to survive • Began alliances w/European powers

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