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Getting Started with Linux: From Logon to Logout

This chapter provides essential guidance for new Linux users, covering the basics of logging in and out of the system while exploring the shell, terminal emulators, and user privileges. Learn how to secure your account with a strong password, navigate the command line, and access help through man pages and built-in commands. Understand the difference between console, terminal, and graphical interfaces, and discover how to connect remotely using telnet or SSH. Ensure a secure and efficient Linux experience from your first login to your final logout.

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Getting Started with Linux: From Logon to Logout

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  1. Chapter 2:Getting Started Logon to Logout

  2. In this chapter … • Logging on • The Shell • Superuser • Getting Help • Logging off

  3. How do I start? • Console vs. terminal vs. terminal emulator • Text-based vs. graphical • Where’s the box at?

  4. Consoles and terminals • Monitor, keyboard (and maybe mouse) attached to the box • The console often locked away in a closet or server farm somewhere • Terminals usually found in mainframe environment • Recently ‘thin clients’ gaining popularity again

  5. Terminal Emulation • Using a separate system, connect a virtual terminal to the server • telnet, ssh, X Windows • Most common way to interact with a Linux/UNIX machine

  6. From Windows environment • telnet built in, but insecure (cleartext passwords) • For ssh, need a supported terminal emulator • PuTTY, TeraTerm Pro, SecureCRT • For remote X Windows, need a local X Server running • cygwin, XWin-32, Exceed, Xming

  7. Here at Solano College • Our server is racked in the campus MDF • RedHat Enterprise Linux 5 virtualized on Vmware ESX • We’ll use PuTTY and cygwin

  8. Logging on • Your username will be your My.Solano username • Your password is by default set to your SCC ID, all 9 digits (pad front with zeroes) • *Remember* Linux/Unix is case sensitive

  9. Change your password first • To secure your account, change your password immediately • Type passwd and hit enter • You will be prompted to enter your current password • You will be prompted twice for a nice password • Must be a good password!

  10. What Makes a Good Password? • At least 6 characters long (8+ is even better) • Not be a dictionary word in any language (including Klingon!) • Not a name, place or date of personal significance • Contains mixed case, numbers, and special characters

  11. Do It Right! • bfd BAD PASSWORD: it’s WAY too short • bfd*2  BAD PASSWORD: it is too short • 123454321  BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic • shutup! BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

  12. The Shell • Command interpreter • Translates commands issued by user into commands sent to the kernel • Common shells: bash, tcsh, csh, zsh, ksh • Linux default is bash (Bourne Again Shell)

  13. What shell am I running? • Type ps right after logging on • finger yourself

  14. Correcting errors • Erase a character: BACKSPACE, DEL or CTRL-H • Erase a word: CTRL-W • Erase a line (line kill): CTRL-U or CTRL-X

  15. Other key commands • Terminate (interrupt key): CTRL-C • Suspend job: CTRL-Z • Show jobs: jobs • Stop job: kill –KILL %job_no • Command history: UP and DOWN

  16. Administrative privileges • root or superuser • Full read/write access to filesystem • Can execute privileged commands and programs • Use sparingly and with extreme caution

  17. Getting help • Most GNU commands and utilities have built in help and usage information • --help (sometimes -h or -help) • Too much information? Pipe results to less or more • ls --help | less

  18. man Pages • man program_name • Displays online documentation, formatted with a pager • SPACE to advance, q to quit • Depending on the system sometimes you can also use PAGE UP/DOWN

  19. man Pages con’t • Divided into ten sections based on type • User commands in section 1 • To view a command’s man page in a particular section: • man 8 su

  20. info • info program_name • GNU online documentation • SPACE to scroll • ENTER to select a subtopic • q to quit

  21. At the end of the day • To log out, press CTRL-D or type exit • If you have suspended jobs it will warn you before you log out

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