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Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technology

Prof. Ki-Hyung Kim Kkim86@ajou.ac.kr Ajou University, Korea. Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technology. Contents. Standardization of Wireless Sensor Networks IETF, SP100, WirelessHART, ZigBee, IEEE 802 Overview IP-USN Research and Development. Honeywell. Wireless HART. TrueMesh. Znet.

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Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technology

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  1. Prof. Ki-Hyung Kim Kkim86@ajou.ac.kr Ajou University, Korea Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technology

  2. Contents • Standardization of Wireless Sensor Networks • IETF, SP100, WirelessHART, ZigBee, IEEE 802 • Overview IP-USN Research and Development

  3. Honeywell Wireless HART TrueMesh Znet ISA SP100.11a Internet Smartmesh MintRoute Xmesh MultiHop LQI CENS Route TinyAODV L2N L2N Overview of Wireless Sensor Network Technologies

  4. IEEE 802.15

  5. IEEE 802.15 Task Group < 2008.02 > 802.15 WG for WPAN Secretary Study Groups Publicity Committee Task Groups SC wng TG 1 TG 2 TG 3 TG 4 TG 5 TG6 TG 3a TG 4a TG 3b TG 4b Standing Committee TG 3c TG 4c finish Withdrawn TG 4d Working TG TG4e

  6. IEEE 802 WG15 Overview • IEEE 802.15 • 15thworking group of the IEEE 802 which specializes in Wireless PAN (Personal Area Network) standards • TG1 : Bluetooth basedWPAN (finished) • TG2 : Coexistence of WLAN andWPAN (finished) • TG3 : High Rate WPAN (finished) • TG3a : TG3 basedAlternative PHY (withdraw) • TG3b : TG3 basedMAC Amendment (finished) • TG3c : TG3 basedMillimeter Wave Alternative PHY (in progress) • TG4 : Low rate WPAN(finished) • TG4a : TG4 Alternative PHY (finished) • TG4b : TG4 basedRevision (finished) • TG4c : TG4 basedChinese amendment PHY (in progress) • TG4d : TG4 basedJapan amendment PHY (in progress) • TG5 : TG3 & TG4 basedMesh networking(in progress) • TG6 : Body Area Network (in progress)

  7. ZigBee

  8. Zigbee Organization

  9. Present Status of ZigBee Alliance • Specification : ZigBee Pro (2007) • Balloted Specification • PRO Features • Features removed from ZigBee-2006 in PRO • CSKIP address assignment • Tree routing (table routing remains) • Features added to PRO • Mesh network routing • Stochastic address assignment/address conflict resolution • Many to one routing/Source routing • Multicast • Frequency Agility • Fragmentation/Re-assembly • Link Status/Symmetric routes

  10. Present Status of ZigBee Alliance • ZigBee Network Topologies and Routing • Cluster tree networks provide for a beaconing multi-hop network • Mesh network routing permits path formation from any source device to any destination device via a path formed by routing packets through neighbors • ZigBee Routing employs both Mesh Routing and Cluster Tree Routing • Routing by default will employ mesh and can fall back to cluster tree if a route error is generated on the packet

  11. Advantages of IP-based Sensor Networks • 상호운용성(Interoperability) 인터넷상의 다른 디바이스 (WiFi, Ethernet, WiBro, Wireless Mesh, HSDPA 등으로 연결가능) • 이미 검증된 보안(Security) 기술 • 인증(Authentication), 접근제어(access control), and 방화벽(firewall) • Network design • 이미 검증된 응용계층 모델 및 서비스 (Established Application model and service • 소켓 API 기반의 센서 개발 • DNS, SLP • 통합 네트워크 관리기술 (Integrated Network Management) • Ping, Traceroute, SNMP등 • 전달계층 프로토콜 (Transport Protocols) • End-to-End Reliable streaming

  12. 6lowpan Node Architecture SNMP Mngmt Service Naming & Discovery Sensor App Socket-lite API TCP/UDP IP ICMP Adaptation Layer Fragmentation /Reassembly Commissioning & Bootstrapping ND Optimization Mesh Routing IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b) Sensor Node Hardware

  13. Standardization Activities in IETF

  14. 6lowpan Node Architecture SNMP Mngmt Service Naming & Discovery Sensor App Socket-lite API TCP/UDP IP ICMP Adaptation Layer Fragmentation /Reassembly Commissioning & Bootstrapping ND Optimization Mesh Routing IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b) Sensor Node Hardware

  15. 6lowpan Standardization Activities • Rechartering Stage • 1. Produce "6LoWPAN Bootstrapping and 6LoWPAN IPv6 ND Optimizations“ • to define limited extensions to IPv6 Neighbor Discovery [RFC4861] for use specifically in low-power networks. This document (or documents) will define how to bootstrap a 6LoWPAN network and explore ND optimizations such as reusing the structure of the 802.15.4 network (e.g., by using the coordinators), and reduce the need for multicast by having devices talk to coordinators (without creating a single point-of-failure, or changing the semantics of the IPv6 ND multicasts). • This document or documents will be a proposed standard. • 2. Produce "Problem Statement for Stateful Header Compression in 6LoWPANs" • to document the problem of using stateful header compression (2507, ROHC) in 6LoWPANs. Currently 6LoWPAN only specifies the use of stateless header compression given the assumption that stateful header compression may be too complex. This document will determine if the assumption is correct and describe where the problems are. • This document will be informational.

  16. 6lowpan Standardization Activities • 3. Produce "6LoWPAN Architecture" • to describe the design and implementation of 6LoWPAN networks. This document will cover the concepts of "Mesh Under" and "Route Over", 802.15.4 design issues such as operation with sleeping nodes, network components (both battery-and line-powered), addressing, and IPv4/IPv6 network connections. As a spin-off from that document, “ • 6LoWPAN Routing Requirements" will describe 6LoWPAN-specific requirements on routing protocols used in 6LoWPANs, addressing both the "route-over" and "mesh-under" approach. • Both documents will be informational. • 4. Produce "Use Cases for 6LoWPAN" • to define, for a small set of applications with sufficiently unique requirements, how 6LoWPANs can solve those requirements, and which protocols and configuration variants can be used for these scenarios. The use cases will cover protocols for transport, application layer, discovery, configuration and commissioning. • This document will be informational.

  17. 6lowpan Standardization Activities • 5. Produce "6LoWPAN Security Analysis" • to define the threat model of 6LoWPANs, to document suitability of existing key management schemes and to discuss bootstrapping/installation/commissioning/setup issues. This document will be referenced from the "security considerations" of the other 6LoWPAN documents. • This document will be informational.

  18. IETF RL2N BOF

  19. RL2N WG Charter: Overview Work Items • Produce use cases documents for Industrial, Connected Home, Building and urban application networks. • Describe the use case and the associated routing protocol requirements. • The documents will progress in collaboration with the 6lowpan Working Group (INT area). 
 • Survey the applicability of existing protocols to L2Ns: analyze the scaling and characteristics of existing protocols and identify whether or not they meet the routing requirements of the L2Ns applications. • Existing IGPs, MANET, NEMO, DTN routing protocols will be part of evaluation.

  20. RL2N WG Charter: Overview Work Items (2) 3. Specification of routing metrics used in path calculation. • This includes static and dynamic link/nodes attributes required for routing in L2Ns. 4. Provide an architectural framework for routing and path selection at Layer 3 (Routing for L2N Architecture)
 • Decide whether the L2Ns routing protocol require a distributed, centralized path computation models or both.
 • Decide whether the L2N routing protocol requires a hierarchical routing approach. 5. Produce a security framework for routing in L2Ns.

  21. Interaction with other WGs • 6lowpan: working on L2Ns over 802.15.4 • MANET: we may be end up using some (adapted) MANET protocols if the WG think that they satisfy the requirements • Other industry forums and SDOs. • Zigbee, • ITU, • Bluetooth,

  22. Wireless HART

  23. Industrial Automation Background • Very important functionality • 60 million installed process control sensors • 4 million shipping per year • ~50% are “smart” today – wired networks • HART • Most popular wired sensor network protocol • HART 1: 1,200 baud digital comm over 4-20mA loops • Wireless HART • Ratified as a part of HART7 September 2007 • 802.15.4 based • Announced vendors: ABB, Emerson, Siemens, … • Multi-hop Mesh networking • SP100 wireless • Draft standard in 2008 • Adopted 6LoWPAN, but defining own routing, transport • Wireless HART and SP100 are a hybrid of circuit and packet switched • IEEE 802.15.4E WG created to standardize

  24. Examples of Data flows • Low frequency data collection • 1/s to 1/hour; typically < 1/min • Latency comparable to sample interval • Typically <50B • Some time series >10kB • Alarms • <50B • Log file upload • 1/day, 1/year • 10kB ..1MB • Human diagnostic query/response • Mean latency important • Feedback control • Max latency important • Latency from minutes to <1ms (infeasible w/ 15.4 radios) • Often all of these will be operating in different parts of the network

  25. ISA SP100.11a

  26. Intro to ISA100 • ISA100 – Wireless Systems for Industrial Automation and Process Control • ISA100.11a • - Wireless sensor and controls network • - Utilizing 802.15.4 • - DLL provides mesh network using hybrid CSMA and TDMA • - Using 6LoWPAN/IPv6/UDPv6 and TFTP • - Backbone router inter-connects DLL subnets

  27. ISA100.11 reference model DLL subnet Backbone Router DLL subnet Gateway (ALG)‏ DLL subnet Plant Network System Manager Security Manager

  28. Routing to a Gateway on Backbone The SP100.11a network is a single link. Link local addresses can be used to reach any mote.

  29. Multi-floor building example with single DLL subnet

  30. Packet flow to the gateway with IPv6

  31. Plant Network Transit Network Binding update G/W A Backbone Router 1 A Security Manager NA(A) : BR1’s MAC @ Backbone Router NS(A) multicast System Manager Binding update NA(A): BR2’s MAC @ Backbone Router 2 NS(A) unicast B B A via BR2 A via BR1 DLL subnet ISA100.11a Network

  32. IP-USN Research and Development in Korea

  33. Major Characteristics of IP-USN • High Interoperability • Seamless Connectivity to Internet (IPv4/v6 support) • WiFi, Wireless Mesh, Ethernet, IEEE 802.15.4, RIP, OSPF • High Reliability • Automatic Faulty Router Detection and Network Recovery • MAC-assisted End-to-End Transport Protocol (mTCP) • Automatic State Restoration after Reboot • Multi-Router Support • High Scalability • Multi-Router Interworking • Scalable Tree-based Routing Protocol (HiLow) • Mesh Routing Protocol • Easy Configuration • Automatic Neighbor Discovery • IPv6 Autoconfiguration • Plug & Sensing Capability • Management • SNMP-based Management, ping • Web-based Monitoring and Management

  34. 2001:2b8:f2:2::3 2001:2b8:f2:2::3 2001:2b8:f2:2::3 2001:2b8:f2:2::3 2001:2b8:f2:2::3 수원 2001:2b8:f2:2::4 2001:2b8:f2:2::4 2001:2b8:f2:2::4 2001:2b8:f2:2::4 2001:2b8:f2:2::4 2001:2b8:f2:2::4 2001:2b8:f2:2::4 2001:2b8:f2:2::4 2001:2b8:f2:2::4 2001:2b8:f2:2::4 High Interoperability • Seamless Connectivity to Internet (IPv6/v4) • Support various interfaces • WIFI, Ethernet, Wireless Mesh, IEEE 802.15.4 • Support Internet standard routing protocol • RIP, OSPF • Interoperability test with KOREN DWDM/OADM ATM Switch Router Gigabit Switch 35Gbps 2.5Gbps 155Mbps 서울 대전 대구 광주

  35. High Reliability • Multi-Router Interworking • Automatic Fault Detection and Network Recovery of 6lowpan routers and 6lowpan nodes

  36. Bootstrapping and Commissioning Protocol with Multiple Routers

  37. Sensor node list on the console of multiple routers Bootstrapping and Commissioning Protocol with Multiple Routers

  38. High Reliability (2) • MAC-assisted End-to-End Transport Protocol (mTCP) • Reduce redundant re-transmission with MAC support Server 6lowpan Internet

  39. High Scalability (1) • Large scale sensor network design • Wireless Subnet Wireless Subnet A Wireless Subnet B Wireless Subnet C Wireless Subnet D

  40. High Scalability (2) • Scalable Tree-based routing protocol (HiLow) • No routing table required • Simple Implementation • Robust 1-hop tree restructuring to link failures • Short-cut routing support

  41. Easy Configuration • DHCP support • Automatic neighbor discovery (IPv6 address autoconfiguration, short address assignment, Application profile) • Plug and Sense (PnS) Support • Main technology in Web-based Sensor Service Portal • Zero-Configuration to connect to the Internet and my Server • Plug and Sense support in especially DHCP environment • User Permission Management

  42. IP-USN Network Management System

  43. SNMP based Network Management • 6LoWPAN Management • Network Monitoring • Network Status Monitoring • PAN ID, Channel • Network Size (Number of Nodes, IPv6 Prefix information) • Topology Monitoring • Network Topology Monitoring • Neighbor Table Information • Routing Table Information • Sensor Node Management • Node Information • 16bit, 64bit, IPv6 Address • Device type, Sensor type, H/W version • S/W profile, OS, MAC/PHY, Adaptation version • Battery status 6lowpan

  44. Web-based Sensor Network Management • Management • Configuration Management • Topology Management • Device Management • Topology Registration • Device Registration • Fault Management • Security Management • User Management* • Permission Management* • Power Management** • Performance Management* • Accounting Management**

  45. Web-based Sensor Network Monitoring • Sensor Data Monitoring • Realtime Data Monitoring • History Data Monitoring • General Log • Alarm Log

  46. IP-USN MIB (1/3)  LowPan Module  LowPanRoutingTable Module

  47. IP-USN MIB (2/3)  LowPanNodeInfo Table Module

  48. IP-USN MIB (3/3)  LowPanNodeInfo Table Module

  49. Management with Commercial SNMP NMS System

  50. Web-based USN Management & Monitoring

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