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Isolation and Empire

Isolation and Empire. Early Explorers in the PNW. Early Exploration. Search for Northwest Passage Waterway to the Pacific 1579 Sir Francis Drake (England) sailed north as far as Oregon or British Columbia Described the area as one of “most vile, thicke, and stinking fogges.”

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Isolation and Empire

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  1. Isolation and Empire Early Explorers in the PNW

  2. Early Exploration • Search for Northwest Passage • Waterway to the Pacific • 1579 Sir Francis Drake (England) sailed north as far as Oregon or British Columbia • Described the area as one of “most vile, thicke, and stinking fogges.” • He claimed it for England and left • The Spanish and Russians also claimed it

  3. Captain James Cook • British Explorer • Left Britain on 3rd voyage in 1776 • Never found Columbia River or Puget Sound • Spent one month in 1788 at Nootka Sound • Dismembered in Hawaii

  4. Replica of Endeavour

  5. Cook’s 3 Voyages

  6. Two Major Results of Cook’s 3rd Voyage • Established northwest Fur Trade • Picked up sea otter pelts in PNW, traded them in China for $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ • Training voyage for future mariners who would return to the Pacific Northwest • George Vancouver would return in 1790s and put Puget Sound on map (and name it for his lieutenant, Peter Puget

  7. One Problem Remained… • Europeans began to show up in greater numbers to profit from the resources in the PNW, but… • This newly “discovered” territory that they claimed as their own was already home to someone else

  8. Cook – 1788 Nootka (Vancouver Island) • Vancouver – 1792 explored Puget Sound • Robert Gray (US) • 1st American Circumnavigation • 1792 – Sailed up Columbia

  9. Lewis and Clark (1804-1806) • Followed Alexander Mackenzie’s voyages (1793) to Bella Coola

  10. Fort Astoria, Oregon (1811) • Founded by John Jacob Astor • German-American businessman • Pacific Fur Company • Near the mouth of Columbia River • First Permanent American settlement in the PNW • Failed, sold to British in 1813, U.S. got it back in 1818

  11. Fort Vancouver (1824) • Hudson’s Bay Company (British) Trading Fort on North (WA) side of Columbia River • Would be in British territory if Columbia River became boundary

  12. Treaties with British • Treaty of 1818 • Established “Joint-Occupancy” of Oregon Territory between British and U.S. • Treaty of 1846 (“Oregon Treaty”) • British ceded territory south of 49th Parallel to U.S. • British moved from Fort Vancouver to Fort Victoria

  13. Euro-Americans in the PNW • Explorers – Spanish, Russians, British, French, Americans • Fur Traders/Mountain Men – 1780s-1840s • “Mission Era” (Missionaries) – 1834-1848 • Settlers (Oregon Trail) – 1840-1860 saw 53,000 move west • Willamette Valley • Railroad eventually replaced trail

  14. The Oregon Trail • Over 2,000 mile journey • Free land in Oregon Territory (up to a square mile per family) • Helped U.S. to implement goal of Manifest Destiny

  15. “Prairie Schooner”

  16. The name "Walla Walla" is translated several ways but most often as "many waters."

  17. Whitman Massacre • Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife Narcissa • 1837 mission near Walla Walla • Spread measles to Cayuse • 1847, they and 11 others killed

  18. Takes notes on: • Missionaries • Who, why, when, where, what? • Early Settlers • Who, why, when, where, what?

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