1 / 39

Expansion and Isolation: Civilizations 700-1000 AD

Explore how expanding civilizations move to new regions for resources in Africa and the Americas, facing geographic barriers and unique cultural exchanges. Witness the rise and decline of Mayan civilization, North American civilizations, and Charlemagne's conquests. Discover the environmental impacts on frontier expansion in Japan, India, Tang China, and new agrarian states.

owen
Télécharger la présentation

Expansion and Isolation: Civilizations 700-1000 AD

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Isolation and Expansion CIVILIZATION VS. GEOGRAPHY 700-1000 AD Expanding civilizations move to new regions seeking new resources

  2. Africa • Geography and barriers • Sahara • Ocean • High ground with steep rivers • Only 5-6 major basins • Half rivers never reach coast • Dense forest • Malarial mosquitoes • Spread and exchange of cultures took centuries longer than Europe

  3. African Exceptions • Ethiopia • Contact via sea trade • Monsoon winds • West Africa • Jenne – Jeno • C. 300 BC • Flood plain of Niger river • Crossroads of trade • North to South • Slaves • Salt • Copper • Gold

  4. African Exceptions cont. • Ghana and Gao • C. 1000 AD • Sacred kings • Rich middlemen of trade • Lack of contact between E and W along Sahel reason Africa does not mirror Asia/Europe

  5. America and Geography • Lack of N-S corridor kept Americas from mirroring Eurasia • No known contact between South America and Mesoamerica

  6. The Maya • 3 contrasting environments • Volcanic highlands (Guatemala) • Limestone plateau (Yucatan) • Caribbean coast (Mexico) • Rulers 3 responsibilities (similar in all North American civilizations) • War • Communicate with Gods • Building ceremonial centers

  7. Maya cont. • Mayan City-states • Too equally matched for imperialism • Constant warfare • Terror • Sacrifice • Centered around ceremonial building • Markets • Temples • Human Sacrifices

  8. Maya cont. • Unique writing system • Astronomical observation • Genealogies of Kings • Mayan Civilization declines c. 1000 AD • Environment changes • Droughts and storms • El Nino currents

  9. Mayan Calendar

  10. North American Civilization • Civilization expands along Ohio & Mississippi river valleys • Maize Culture • Maize and beans move to central plains • New crops allow spread of people • Allowed large scale building • Mound building in Mississippi • Adobe cliffs in South West

  11. Areas of Mound-Builder Influence

  12. Maize

  13. Islam and the Environment • Imp expansion slows in late 700s • Ecological exp. increases • New foods gathered and moved • Medicinal Plants • Examples • Coffee • Cotton • Sugar • New technology • Clearing forests • Fertilizer • Increases amount of arable land

  14. Coffee Plant

  15. Cotton Plant

  16. Sugarcane Plant

  17. Clearing Forests

  18. Frontier Expansion in Japan • Drive to increase food production • Gov sponsored • Slow development of marginal land farming • Adopt barley to replace millet as secondary crop • Open new lands to agriculture by displacing “barbarians” • Ainu people • Developed fortified farming settlements

  19. Ainu Peoples

  20. India and Environmental Expansion • Gupta empire collapse 500 AD • Replaced by many rival kingdoms • Small kingdoms sent priests and warriors to clear/cultivate uninhabited “wasteland” • Forests • Swamps • Generated revenue by taxes these new lands

  21. Tang China and Environmental Expansion • Improved canal system and irrigation • Land reform • Break large holdings among smaller holders • New rice strains from Vietnam • Moved southward • Away from steppes • Take land from southern “barbarians” • Exterminated • Assimilated • Marginalized • China’s southern movement led to conflict with coastal trading powers

  22. New Agrarian States 700-1000 AD • Chenila (Cambodia) • Khmer (lower MeKong) • Viet • Cham • Java • Sumatra

  23. Expanding Christendom • Conquest rather than new crops • Ireland & Scotland (monks) • Saxons (Boniface) 719 • Charlemagne • Carolus Magnus • Traveled to Italy 774 -> collected books, etc. • Proclaimed self successor of Rome • Conquered in name of a new “Roman” empire • First “Roman” expansion since Trajan • Charlemagne’s satellites (Christian states) • Slav states in Bohemia • Bulgars in modern Bulgaria

  24. Carolingian Empire

  25. Charlemagne

  26. 700-1000 AD • Overall, a time of new environmental expansion and conquest • New crops • New farming strategies • Military expansion • Agriculture expanded into marginal areas • All to deal with population increase

More Related