Unit 2 Exploration and Colonization

1. Unit 2 Exploration and Colonization Exploration and Colonization What happens when different cultures first meet?

2. Lessons Lesson 1 The World Expands Lesson 2 Spaniards Reach the Americas Lesson 3 Spanish Exploration & Conquest Lesson 4 Spain’s Overseas Empire Lesson 5 Searching for the Northwest Passage

3. The World ExpandsPREVIEW How did events in Europe affect exploration? Lesson 1 Vocabulary profit merchant barter navigation

4. The World Expands The Middle Ages Who were the first Europeans to reach North America and why did they abandon the colony? MC 1 The Vikings (Norse) were the first Europeans to arrive. They may have left because of diseases and battles with native people.

5. The World Expands Why was the Silk Road important for traders from A.D. 100 until the 1300s? SA The Silk Road was the only trade route from Europe to Asia from A. D. 100 until the 1300s. After reaching Asia, what items had Marco Polo and his family never seen in Europe? MC 2 Paper money and gunpowder were items never seen by Marco Polo and his family before they reached Asia. FILL A merchant is a person who makes their living buying and selling goods. FILL Merchants want to make aprofitwhich is the money that remains after the costs of running a business.

6. The World Expands FILLTo barter is to exchange goods for other goods rather than money. MC 3 In African kingdoms salt was bartered for gold because it was just as valuable.

7. The World Expands Who did Prince Henry start a school for? MC 4 Prince Henry started a school for sailors so they could sail along the western coast of Africa to reach Asia. What advances in the science of navigation and technology helped further exploration? FILLNavigation is finding direction and following routes at sea. FILLThe development of a new ship, the caravel, with both square and triangle-shaped sails, allowed the ship to change direction and catch the wind more easily.

8. Spaniards Reach the AmericasPREVIEW How did Spanish explorers change the Americas? Lesson 2 Vocabulary expedition colony Columbian Exchange

9. Spaniards Reach the Americas Columbus believed he landed in the Indies; however, Amerigo Vespucci was the first to believe that America was a new land. As a result, America was named for him by a German geographer in 1507 when he labeled the new land.

10. Spaniards Reach the Americas Christopher Columbus went on an expedition which is a journey with a special purpose. He wanted to get to the Indies faster. MC 5 On his expedition, Columbus kept two logs: one with the exact distances the ships sailed and one with shorter distances in order to mislead other explorers. No one would pay for his trip going in the “wrong” direction (west) until the King and Queen of Spain offered. Columbus thought he landed in the Indies, but he actually landed in the Bahamas (San Salvador). He did NOT get where he was going. The Native Americans he met there Columbus called the Taíno “Indios” because he believed he had reached the Indies. On Columbus’s future journeys he wanted to set up a colony for Spain. A colony is a settlement far from the country that rules it.

11. Spaniards Reach the Americas The Columbian Exchange was the movement of animals, plants, and disease across the Atlantic Ocean. Unfortunately, the Europeans also brought germs and diseases. This was killing millions of Native Americans by the 1600s.

12. Spanish Exploration and ConquestPREVIEW How did the arrival of Spanish explorers change Native American empires? Lesson 3 Vocabulary empire conquistador

13. Spanish Exploration and Conquest MC 11Spain’s desire for wealth (gold) was the main reason they wanted to conquer the Aztec and Inca Empires. Hernan Cortes landed in Mexico with over 500 conquistadors to take over the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. MC 10 Montezuma was the leader of the Aztec empire. Montezuma, welcomed the Spanish, but Cortes took him prisoner and demanded gold in return for Montezuma’s freedom. After the Aztecs refused, violence broke out. The Spaniards were driven away, Montezuma was killed, and the Spaniards left behind a deadly weapon: smallpox. Tenochtitlan = Mexico City

14. Spanish Exploration and Conquest In South America lived the Inca. They were the wealthiest empire in the world at the time. The Inca empire was 2,500 miles long that was linked together by a system of paved roads or “highways.” Messengers were able to carry important information by RUNNING 50 miles a day! Gold = “sweat of the sun” Silver = “tears of the moon” MC 9 What is the capital of the Inca empire?

15. Spanish Exploration and Conquest SA The Inca began dying from diseases that spread quickly throughout the empire before Pizarro arrived. When Francisco Pizarro arrived with only 180 men, the Inca ruler of the North, Atahualpa, was not concerned. He had a bigger problem with Huascar, the southern ruler of the Inca empire. 1In a sneak attack, Pizarro and his men surrounded Cajamarca, killed thousands of Inca, and captured Atahualpa. 2After Atahualpa filled a room with gold and silver, the Spaniards killed him, and sent melted gold and silver back to Spain. Thus, Spain now controlled one of the largest empires in the world.

16. Spain’s Overseas Empire PREVIEW How did Spain’s growing empire impact life in North America? Lesson 4 Vocabulary frontier missionary enslave mestizo

17. Spain’s Overseas Empire explorers SA Juan Ponce de Leon Hernando de Soto both Searched in Florida Never found what they were looking for claimed land for Spain Searching for the Fountain of Youth Searching for gold

18. Spain’s Overseas Empire MC 12 Coronado and his men were the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon. Spain expanded its empire as they were entering a new frontier. FILLAfrontieris the far edge of a settled area.

19. Spain’s Overseas Empire Spain controlled two large territories in the Americas, and sent rulers overseas to take care of their land. MC 13Spanish rulers gave encomiendas, large areas of land, to colonists who were loyal to them. MC 16 More workers were needed to work on the encomiendas. So Spanish explorers brought the first enslaved Africans to Mexico. FILL Toenslavepeople is to force them to work against their will. MC 14 & FILL Bartolome de Las Casas was a missionary, (a person who tries to persuade people to accept new religious beliefs) who wanted to help Native Americans and treat them equally.

20. Spain’s Overseas Empiresociety • Viceroy– ruler in New Spain • MC 15 Peninsulares– Spaniards from Spain • Criollos– people born in New Spain but had “old” Spain parents • FILL Mestizos– people who were both Spanish and Native American • Native Americans and Enslaved Africans– people forced to work without wages

21. Searching for the Northwest PassagePREVIEW How did the search for the Northwest Passage affect people? Lesson 5 Vocabulary Northwest Passage merchant company

22. Searching for the Northwest Passage What was the importance of the Northwest Passage? MC 17 It was believed to be a shortcut to Asia that would allow Europeans to make the trip less costly and much faster.

23. Searching for the Northwest Passage SAAll theses men were searching for the Northwest Passage. MC 20Did anyone ever find the Northwest passage? No… because it doesn’t exist!

24. Review Name the European explorer associated with each area. Mexico West coast of South America Florida Southeastern U.S. Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona Southwestern U.S.; first European to see the Grand Canyon Newfoundland Hudson River Hudson, Chesapeake, and Delaware Bays St. Lawrence River Lakes Huron, Ontario, Erie and Superior Lake Michigan Hernan Cortés Francisco Pizarro Juan Ponce de León Hernando de Soto Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca Francisco Vásquez de Coronado John Cabot Giovanni da Verrazano Henry Hudson Jacques Cartier Étienne Brûlé Jean Nicolet

25. Maps Click on a map to enlarge the view.