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Ip addressing

Ip addressing. Chapter 8 Intro to Routing & Switching. objectives. Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the structure of an IPv4 address. Describe the purpose of the subnet mask.

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Ip addressing

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  1. Ip addressing Chapter 8 Intro to Routing & Switching

  2. objectives • Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: • Describe the structure of an IPv4 address. • Describe the purpose of the subnet mask. • Compare the characteristics and uses of the unicast, broadcast and multicast IPv4 addresses. • Compare the use of public and private addresses. • Explain the need for IPv6 addressing. • Describe the representation of an IPv6 address. • Describe types of IPv6 network addresses. • Configure global unicast addresses. • Describe multicast addresses. • Describe the role of ICMP in an IP network. • Use ping & traceroute to test network connectivity.

  3. 8.1 Ipv4 addresses

  4. Purpose of an IP Address • Each host needs IP to communicate • Logical address • Assigned to the NIC • Computers, network printer, router interfaces • Remember • Packet has source & destination IP

  5. Everything is IP • What protocol translates the name to the IP address? • DNS • What port does it use? • 53

  6. IP Address Facts • Logical (not physical like MAC) • IPv4 has 32 bits, 4 octets • 8 bits in each octet • 11111111.10101010.11001100.00100101 • Convert that to decimal: • 192.101.28.36 • Value in each octet from 0-255 • That’s a total of 256 numbers.

  7. Convert binary to decimal • Add up the values of the binary 1’s • 156 • 11100101 • 229

  8. Binary/Decimal Conversions • 8.1.1.4 Binary to Decimal Conversions • Add up the bit values to come up with the decimal answer • 8.1.1.7 Decimal to Binary Conversions • Convert the decimal number to bits • 8.1.1.8 Binary Game • Create an account on cisco.com

  9. Review • How many bits in an IPv4 address? • 32 • How many octets? How many bits in each? • 4 octets; 8 bits in each • What can be the decimal value range of each octet? • 0-255 • How many numbers is 0-255? • 256

  10. 8.2 parts of the address & the subnet mask

  11. Parts of an IP Address • Network portion • Identifies network to the router • Router cares about this part • Host portion • Identifies the specific host • Router doesn’t care about this part • Hierarchical Addressing • 192.175.36.9

  12. Activity

  13. IP & Subnet Mask Interaction • Subnet Mask • Helps router decide which network packet is on • Helps show which part of IP is network & host • 32 bits • 192.168.6.5 255.255.255.0 • Binary 1’s - ID the network portion • Binary 0’s - ID the host portion

  14. anding

  15. What network are these on?

  16. ANDing- What network? • 199.81.210.17 • 255.255.255.240 • What network does this belong to?

  17. Review • What is the purpose of the subnet mask? • To help the router identify the destination network • A packet enters a router. Which address does it look at? • Destination IP • What process does it do with the destination IP & the subnet mask? • ANDs it • What is the result of the ANDing? • The destination network

  18. How many hosts? Unsubnetted • SM helps tells us how many hosts are on that network • 255.255.255.00000000 • Binary 0= identifies # of hosts on that network • 8 ZEROS is 28=256 • Subtract 2 for useable number • Unusable: • 00000000 (.0) is the network ID • 11111111 (.255) is the broadcast address for a network • Total Useable is 254

  19. How many total & useable hosts? unsubnetted • SM 255.255.255.128 • 128= 10000000 • 27= 128-2 is 126 hosts • SM 255.255.255.224 • 224= 11100000 • 25= 32-2 is 30 hosts • SM 255.255.240.0 • .240.0= 11110000.00000000 • 212= 4096-2 is 4094 hosts

  20. Figure It Out • One PC is 192.168.18.107 255.255.255.0 • What is network does it belong to? • How many useable hosts? • Give PC’s addresses.

  21. 8.1.4 Types of ip addresses ipv4 classful

  22. IP Classes & Default SM • Class A • Large organizations • 1-126 • Default SM= 255.0.0.0 • One octet for network, 3 octets for hosts • How many hosts available? • 224= over 16 million • 10.52.33.7 • N.H.H.H • 255.0.0.0 • 120.111.99.87

  23. Class A Example • 15.7.92.5 255.0.0.0 • 15= Class A • Default SM for Class A= 255.0.0.0 • Network portion of address= 15. • Host portion= .7.92.5 • Network ID= 15.0.0.0 • All zero’s in the host portion • Broadcast address= 15.255.255.255 • All binary one’s in the host portion

  24. IP Classes & Default SM • Class B • Medium organizations • 128-191 • Default SM= 255.255.0.0 • Two octets for network, 2 octets for hosts • How many hosts available? • 216= over 65,000 • 130.52.33.7 • N.N.H.H • 255.255.0.0 • 185.111.99.87

  25. Class B Example • 167.101.52.36 255.255.0.0 • 167= Class B • Default SM for Class B= 255.255.0.0 • Network portion of address= 167.101 • Host portion= .52.36 • Network ID= 167.101.0.0 • All zero’s in the host portion • Broadcast address= 167.101.255.255 • All binary one’s in the host portion

  26. IP Classes & Default SM • Class C • Small organizations • 192-223 • Default SM= 255.255.255.0 • Three octets for network, 1 octet for hosts • How many hosts available? • 28= 256-2 (254 useable) • 199.52.33.7 • N.N.N.H • 255.255.255.0 • 220.111.99.87

  27. Class C Example • 210.44.200.89 255.255.255.0 • 210= Class C • Default SM for Class C= 255.255.255.0 • Network portion of address= 210.44.200 • Host portion= .89 • Network ID= 210.44.200.0 • All zero’s in the host portion • Broadcast address= 210.44.200.255 • All binary one’s in the host portion

  28. Other IP Classes & More • Class D not for hosts • D is multicast (one to a group) • 224.0.0.0- 239.255.255.255 • Class E not for hosts • For testing only • 240-255 • All 0’s in host portion(s) = network ID • All 1’s in host portion(s)= broadcast CAN NOT USE THESE ADDRESSES FOR HOSTS!

  29. IP Cheat Sheet

  30. activity • Address 168.19.203.12 255.255.0.0 • What class? • What are the network portions? • What are the host portions? • What is the network address/ID? • What is the broadcast address? • What is the first usable address?

  31. activity • 8.1.2.8 Lab • 8.1.2.9 ANDing Activity • Determine the network address • Lots of Practice!

  32. Review Which version IP addresses are we dealing with? IPv4 How many bits in an IP address? 32 How many octets in an IP address? 4 Which part of this address is the host portion? 199.81.71.6 6

  33. Review Which network does this belong on? 201.14.6.5 255.255.255.0 201.14.6.0 network How many total hosts can be on that network? Useable? 256 254, why?

  34. 8.1.4 Public & private ip addresses

  35. Some addresses are reserved & can not be routed across Internet You can have a public IP for network/servers & private for hosts inside Saves IP addresses Public/Private IP’s

  36. Private IP’s • If host does not connect DIRECTLY to Internet, it can have a private IP • Router BLOCKS private IP’s • Great Security!!! • Private IP’s can not be seen from Internet • 127.0.0.0 range is reserved for loopback testing • 169 is APIPA (local link)- no IP received from DHCP server

  37. Private Nets

  38. activity • 8.1.4.2 Pass or Block IP Addresses • Decide to pass or block the IP depending upon if it’s private or public • 8.1.4.7 Public or Private • Drag each IP to public or private • Handout • Host, Network#, or Broadcast address, Class, default SM, usable/unusable for hosts

  39. Review- Q • What is the private range for class A? • 10 • What is the private range for B? • 172.16- 172.31 • What is the private range for C? • 192.168 • What is unique about the private addresses? • They are not routable • What does it mean if your address is 169? • APIPA; you did not get an IP from DHCP server

  40. 8.1.3 Unicast, multicast, broadcast

  41. UnicastAddress Communication • One-to-one or Source to destination

  42. Broadcast Address Communication • One-to-all (source to all) in segment • All hosts will look at it • All 1’s in host portion(s) of address • Broadcast IP & MAC (all F’s) • Default Broadcasts • A- 10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 • B- 172.16.255.255 255.255.0.0 • C- 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.0

  43. Broadcast Address Communication

  44. Multicast Address Communication • One-to-group • Class D 224.0.0.0- 239.255.255.255 • Multicast MAC begins with 01-00-5E • Where is it used? • Gaming • Distance learning

  45. Multicast Communication

  46. Which one, based on the MAC? • Unicast, Multicast, or Broadcast

  47. Activity • 8.1.3.6 Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast • Look at the destination IP & click the devices that will receive it • Try it several time • Handout • DOS • Netstat –e • Do this every 10 seconds • Pay attention to non-unicast packets

  48. Review 160.50.23.6 255.255.0.0; What network is this on? 160.50.0.0 Which default SM has the most hosts? Class A 255.0.0.0 Over 16 million! How many useable hosts in a Class C? 254 220.101.5.90 255.255.255.0; What network is this on? 220.101.5.0

  49. Review What are the private IP addresses? 10, 172.16-172.31, 192.168. What is the MAC broadcast frame in hex? FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF What is the MAC for a multicast? 01-00-5E One to one communication is… Unicast To send a unicast message, which addresses do you need? Source & dest. IP & MAC

  50. Test on ipv4

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