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Interactions of Organisms

Interactions of Organisms. Competition Predator-Prey Symbiosis. You’ve found your niche!. Ecological niche- the role and position a species has in its environment – how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces.

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Interactions of Organisms

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  1. Interactions of Organisms Competition Predator-Prey Symbiosis

  2. You’ve found your niche! • Ecological niche-the role and position a species has in its environment – how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces. • Includes all its interactions with the biotic and abiotic parts of its habitat. • Habitat- where an organism lives

  3. Competitve Exclusion Principle • No two species can occupy the same ecological niche at the same time if resources are limiting… • This leads to…

  4. Competition Occurs when organisms try to utilize a resource that is in limited supply • Ex-light, space, nutrients Ecologists say that all of the plants in the forest are in competition with each other; they are competing for the sunlight. In a dense forest, many seedlings which germinated in the spring may not survive the winter because they did not receive enough sunlight to make and store food.

  5. Symbiosis (table 33.2) • Refers to close interactions between members of two populations. • Three types: • Parasitism • Commensalism • Mutualism

  6. Parasitism • A symbiotic relationship in which the parasite derives nourishment from another organism called the host • Ex’s: ticks, tape worms, bacteria

  7. Throughout their breeding range, monarch butterflies are infected with a protozoan parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha. • Which organism is the host? • Does the monarch gain anything from this relationship?

  8. Commensalism • A symbiotic relationship between two species in which one species benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harmed. • Ex- barnacles on the backs of whales

  9. Mutualism • A symbiotic relationship in which both members of the association benefit • Not always equally beneficial • Ex…(next slide)

  10. Plants and animal pollinators • The insect gets the nectar and the flower gets to spread it’s pollen.

  11. Predator - Prey • Predators feed on Prey • Ex- lynx and hare…

  12. Predator-Prey Population Dynamics… • Predator/Prey Populations cycle • Why doesn’t the hare just go extinct? • As the lynx eats too many hare, and the population diminishes…it eats another food source until the hare population increases again.

  13. Which of the following relationships is shown below? • Predator-Prey • Competition • Parasitism • Commensalism • Mutualism

  14. What kind of relationship is shown below? • Competition • Predator-Prey • Commensalism • Mutualism • Parasitism The sea anemone has poisonous tentacles that protect the clown fish from predators, but the anemone is not hurt.

  15. Which of the following relationships is shown below? • Competition • Predator-Prey • Parasitism • Commensalism • Mutualism

  16. What kind of relationship is shown below? • Competition • Predator-Prey • Commensalism • Mutualism • Parasitism Lichens are formed because of a relationship between a fungus and an algae. The fungus conserves water and leeches nutrients for the algae who in turn photosynthesizes food for the fungus.

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