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Relationship between CCP and KMT from 1921 to 1935

Relationship between CCP and KMT from 1921 to 1935. By: Cheong Kai Lun (3), jason tan xin an (7), Ong Yu Ze (15). First united front. Aim. Rid china of foreigners and militaries F ull national independence and unification. Reasons. Russia CCP KMT. Reasons: Soviet Russia.

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Relationship between CCP and KMT from 1921 to 1935

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  1. Relationship between CCP and KMT from 1921 to 1935 By: Cheong Kai Lun(3), jason tan xin an (7), Ong Yu Ze (15)

  2. First united front

  3. Aim • Rid china of foreigners and militaries • Full national independence and unification

  4. Reasons • Russia • CCP • KMT

  5. Reasons: Soviet Russia • Soviet Russia saw china as a potential ally • However they supported the KMT as they had bigger membership and more influence over workers than CCP

  6. Reasons: CCP • Persuasion from Russian Comintern • Both Russian Comintern and CCP wanted to use KMT base to expand their influence and eventually break away with it • At this time CCP only had 432 members • Not regarded by Russians as suitable instrument of revolution in China

  7. Reasons: KMT • Achievement of national unification and full national independence • Believed that all Chinese should participate in national revolution • Could use CCP ties with workers, peasants and Soviet aid to reorganize KMT • If CCP developed too fast it might undermine SYS’ cause of national revolution

  8. Nature of First united Front • CCP joined KMT • CCP had to accept order and discipline from KMT • CCP had to publicly accept KMT as leader and central force

  9. Outcome • Northern Expedition to conquer South China • Expel the warlords

  10. Northern Expedition

  11. Aim • [KMT aim] Destroy the power of northern warlords (militarily) • [CCP aim] Once warlords defeated, seize China

  12. Northern Expedition • SYS felt strong enough to negotiate with the Northern warlords • But he died • CKS took over SYS as leader of KMT

  13. What happened? • Once force would attack Wuhan • The other attacks Nanzhang, Nanjing and Shanghai • At the same time KMT and CCP fought for peasant and townspeople support

  14. Northern Expedition

  15. Outcome • KMT and CCP took over half of the warlord dominated area • Led to the breakdown of the First United Front • Worsened relations between the CCP and KMT • CCP gained support

  16. The 分手

  17. Reasons • Different political views on change: CCP -> Violent Revolution; KMT -> Gradual Reform • CCP activities, aims, methods threatened middle classes who supported KMT • SYS death (Helped keep alliance together) • Success of Northern Expedition, KMT feel no longer need CCP support • Alliance not fully committed ( based on desire for political power)

  18. Elab on Reasons… • CKS alarmed by growing support of CCP • NE caused a rapid growth of support for CCP • CCP encouraged workers to go on strike, resulting in fear of revolution by middle-class • However, CKS had moved closer to the right wingers, forming personal and political ties with them • Communist activities  EMBARRASMENT • Since KMT conquered Southern China, no need CCP help -> Breakdown of alliance

  19. What Happened • CCP instigated rebellion in Shanghai BEFORE KMT came • KMT came, rounded up communists and killed them • Later, KMT executed more communists in Guangzhou, forcing them to flee

  20. Outcome • Communist retreated to countryside • CKS wanted conquer all China • Contributed to Shanghai Massacre

  21. Shanghai Massacre Head (:

  22. Aim • Reduce communist influence and power in China

  23. Reasons • Uncomfertable alliance between the KMT and CCP • Growing support of CCP -> CKS felt power of CCP had to be cut back

  24. What Happened? • CKS wanted to seize Shanghai(which had a lot of communists) during NE • General strike by communist broke out • Authorities decided to execute suspected communists • KMT took control of Shanghai • However, communist leadership had no idea what true situation was as they forbid any opposition to KMT

  25. Outcome • Thousands communist killed • Communist cells raided • Trade unions eliminateed • Communist positions in United Front Dropped

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