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Turbines

Turbines. A turbine is a rotary engine that exerts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. A hydraulic turbine converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. The operation of a generator is based on the principles discovered by Faraday(electromagnets).

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Turbines

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  1. Turbines • A turbine is a rotary engine that exerts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. • A hydraulic turbine converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. • The operation of a generator is based on the principles discovered by Faraday(electromagnets).

  2. Hydro Turbines Parts: • A large metal shaft in the center. • At the bottom end of the shaft a series of blades. • The water from the dam is directed into those blades through a group of slots called wicket gates. • At the top end of the generator shaft is the rotor assembly which is a series of wire coils. • The shaft turns the wires through a magnetic field an electrical current is created.

  3. Impulse and reaction turbines: • There are two basic types of turbines according to the mode of water. • Impulse turbine: used for high head of water is available. • Reaction turbine: used for head below 450m.

  4. Impulse turbineWorking principle • It runs by impulse of water. • Nozzle directs the water on the curved blades, which causes them to rotate. • The blades are in the shape of buckets and symmetrical • The energy to rotate an impulse turbine is derived from the kinetic energy of the water flowing through the nozzle. • The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy when it passes through the nozzle. • The velocity of water is reduced when it passes over the blades.

  5. Reaction turbineWorking principle • It has no nozzle. • The turbine fully immersed in water • The water is compressed inside the nozzles and when it came out of the nozzle is occur a difference in pressure, and this difference turns into kinetic energy will occur rotating the turbine (the turbine will rotate because of thedifference in the pressure) • Blades are like the wings of a plane and not symmetrical • Velocity of water is increased when it passes through the fixed blades. • The enthalpy drop in moving blades is called degree of reaction.

  6. Efficiency • To maximize the efficiency of hydro turbine the water is expanded, generating work in a number of stages. • Multiple stages turbines are highly efficient. • Most hydro turbine use a mixture of both impulse and reaction design. • Higher pressure sections are impulse type and lower pressure sections are reaction type.

  7. Types of turbines • Pelton Turbines. • Kaplan Turbines. • Francis Turbines. • Cross-Flow Turbines. • Propeller Turbine. • Turgo Turbines.

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