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Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscle

Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscle. A little Background Information. Benefits. Improved muscle tone Better posture More efficient heart & lung function Less fatigue Looking & feeling better. Changes in Muscle Mass. NOT an INCREASE or DECREASE in Muscle Fiber number. Atrophy.

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Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscle

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  1. Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscle A little Background Information

  2. Benefits • Improved muscle tone • Better posture • More efficient heart & lung function • Less fatigue • Looking & feeling better

  3. Changes in Muscle Mass NOT an INCREASE or DECREASE in Muscle Fiber number

  4. Atrophy • Shrinking in mass • Due to prolonged inactivity & disuse

  5. Hypertrophy • Increase in muscle mass & size • Due to exercise & use of the muscle

  6. Changes to Muscle • Strength Training • Contracting against resistance • Enhances hypertrophy • This is anaerobic • Increases the number of myofilaments in each muscle fiber • The number of muscle fibers does NOT change

  7. Changes to Muscle • Endurance training • Increases the muscle’s ability to sustain exercise over a long period of time & is aerobic • Usually does not result in hypertrophy • Increases the number of blood vessels & mitochondria • This allows for more efficient delivery of O2 & glucose and greater production of ATP

  8. Exercise and Muscle Tissue

  9. What are the 4 physiological effects of exercise? • Improved muscle tone • Improved Posture • Better Heart and Lung function • Less Fatigue

  10. What is are the psychological effects of exercise? • Improved Looks • Improved Self Image

  11. What happens when a muscle is not used? • They Atrophy • Shrink or get smaller

  12. Identify a “legitimate” reason for inactivity • Disease • Injury

  13. Identify a “bogus” reason for inactivity • Laziness • Couch Potato

  14. What happens to muscle mass with repeated exercise? • Muscle increases in mass • Hypertrophy

  15. What happens physiologically to muscle during strength training? • Increased myofilaments which… • Increases muscle fibers which… • Increases muscle mass which… • Increases strength

  16. What is the difference between strength training and endurance training? • Strength training increases overall skeletal muscle • strength and bulk • Endurance training is aerobic • increases muscle endurance

  17. What types of muscle contractions are typically associated with strength training? Endurance training? • ST = Isometric • ET = Isotonic

  18. What happens physiologically to muscle tissue with aerobic training? • Increases blood vessels which… • Increases blood flow which… • Increases nutrients / oxygen / waste removal which… • Increases efficiency

  19. What type of muscle(s) is/are improved with strength training? • Skeletal

  20. What type of muscle(s) is/are improved with aerobic training? • Cardiac, Smooth

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