Settling the Thirteen Colonies

1. Settling the Thirteen Colonies • England began exploring eastern part of North America shortly after Columbus made his voyage • Jamestown • 1st Permanent English settlement in1607 • Funded by a joint-stock company • Overcame troubles with the help of local Native Americans

2. Settling the Thirteen Colonies • The New England Colonies • Group of Puritans wanted to break from the Church of England • Known as Separatist – later Pilgrims • Wrote the Mayflower Compact • One of the first plans for self-government • 10 years later, more Puritans arrived with a charter for the Massachusetts Bay Colony • Formed Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maine, and New Hampshire

3. Settling the Thirteen Colonies • The Middle Colonies • 1609 – Henry Hudson (Dutch) discovered Hudson River valley • Established New Netherland (New York) and New Amsterdam (New York City) • Charles II seized from the Dutch, gave to his brother – the Duke of York • Other land became New Jersey • 1681 – William Penn established Pennsylvania • Lower counties became Delaware

4. The Southern Colonies • Tobacco helped Virginia thrive • Maryland was a proprietary colony providing refuge for Catholics • 1663 – King Charles II gave friends land named Carolina • Developed in to North and South Carolina • King George II developed Georgia as a place for English debtors to start over • Southern Colonies relied on agriculture • Many people came over as indentured servants

5. The American Revolution • New Ideas Influence the Colonists • Philosophes stressed reason and logic to understand natural laws • John Locke – government existed because people allow them to exist • Great Awakening emphasized individualism

6. The Growing Rift with Britain • 1750s Great Britain and France were fighting for control of North America • Led to French and Indian War • British won, looked to Colonists to pay for the war • Proclamation of 1763 – stopped expansion past Appalachians • “No Taxation Without Representation” • British began enforcing tax laws, and passing new taxes • October 1765 – issued Declaration of Rights and Grievances • Britain passed the Townshend Acts • Violence broke out, leading to the Boston Massacre in 1770

7. The Growing Rift with Britain • “No Taxation Without Representation” • Committees of correspondence created • 1773 – dumped tea off British ships in protest • Parliament passed Coercive Acts as punishment (Intolerable Acts) • Colonists met at the First Continental Congress (1774) • Agreed to continue boycott of British goods • First shots fired in Lexington, MA in April 1775 • Met at the Second Continental Congress • George Washington would be commander of the Continental Army • Continue war started • July 4, 1776 – Declaration of Independence issued • 3 Parts • Individual rights • Grievances against the King • Independence Declaration

8. The War for Independence • British Advantage: stronger army • Colonists Advantages: home territory, George Washington, will to win • American victory in Saratoga (1777) turned the war • Convinced the French to join in the American effort • Final battle was at Yorktown • British surrendered on October 19, 1781