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Matter

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brenda-wallace
18 diapositives · 303 Views · Nov 29, 2014

Matter is anything that has mass and volume. It is made up of atoms, the smallest unit of elements found in the Periodic Table. Matter can be classified into pure substances, which include elements and compounds, and mixtures, which can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Physical properties, such as mass and volume, can be measured without changing the substance, while chemical properties describe how matter changes under various conditions. This guide explores the fundamental concepts of matter, detailing its composition and types, aiding in a deeper understanding of physical science.

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Matter
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  1. Matter “Stuff”

  2. What is Matter? Matter is anything that has both mass and volume. Mass is a measurement of the amount of “stuff” in an object. Volume is a measurement of the quantity of space that an object occupies. Note: Weight is not the same thing as mass. Weight is the force of gravity on an object.

  3. What is Matter Made of? All matter is made up of atoms. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element. All of the known elements can be found on the Periodic Table. Atoms are combined in various ways to make up all of the different kinds of matter.

  4. Pure Substances A pure substance contains only one kind of particle. A pure substance has a set of definite physical and chemical properties. Types of pure substances: An element has only one kind of atom. A compound is made by combining atoms of 2 or more different elements. Compounds can be broken down into elements.

  5. Pure Substances • Element • composed of identical atoms • EX: copper wire, aluminum foil Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  6. Pure Substances • Compound • composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio • properties differ from those of individual elements • EX: table salt (NaCl) Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  7. Mixtures A mixture is the combination of two or more substances that remain chemically separate. A homogeneous mixture is a combination that is uniform in composition and appearance. A heterogeneous mixture is uneven in composition and appearance. A heterogeneous mixture can usually be visibly identified as a mixture.

  8. Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances. Heterogeneous Homogeneous Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  9. Mixtures

  10. Tyndall Effect Mixtures Solution • homogeneous • very small particles • no Tyndall effect • particles don’t settle • EX: rubbing alcohol • Tyndall effect = light is scattered as it passes through (appears cloudy) Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  11. Mixtures Colloid • heterogeneous • medium-sized particles • Tyndall effect • particles don’t settle • EX: milk Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  12. Mixtures Suspension • heterogeneous • large particles • Tyndall effect • particles settle • EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  13. Mixtures Examples: • mayonnaise • muddy water • fog • saltwater • Italian salad dressing colloid suspension colloid solution suspension Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  14. MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no yes no Is the composition uniform? Can it be chemically decomposed? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element Colloids Suspensions Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  15. Physical Properties A physical property of a substance is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical makeup of a substance. Physical properties include:

  16. Extensive vs. IntensiveProperties Depend on amount of substance present • mass • length • volume Independent of amount of substance • density • boiling point • melting point

  17. States of Matter Solid – definite shape and volume Liquid – constant volume but shapes changes with the container Gas – takes shape of container and fills the entire volume of the container Plasma – ionized, highly reactive gas

  18. Chemical Properties A chemical property is a characteristic of matter that describes the ability of a substance to change (or not change) composition when in contact with other substances. Examples of chemical properties include: