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Landsat

Landsat. Prof. Arnon Karnieli The Remote Sensing Laboratory Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Sede-Boker Campus 84990, ISRAEL. Landsat Series. 1 st Generation Landsat 1 Landsat 2 Landsat 3

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Landsat

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  1. Landsat Prof. Arnon Karnieli The Remote Sensing Laboratory Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Sede-Boker Campus 84990, ISRAEL

  2. Landsat Series 1st Generation Landsat 1 Landsat 2 Landsat 3 7/72 – 1/78 1/75 – 7/83 3/78 – 9/83 2nd Generation Landsat 4 Landsat 5 7/82 – 93 3/84 – present 3rd Generation Landsat 7 8/99 – present

  3. Landsat 1st Generation

  4. Landsat 1st Generation Orbit Characterization Orbit: Sun-syncronous Inclination: 99.1 Period: 103.3 min Equatorial crossing time: 9:42 A.M. Revisit time: 18 days Altitude: ~900 km Field of View (FOV): 185 km Radiometric resolution: 6 bit

  5. Orbits

  6. Orbits

  7. Time of equatorial crossing • Why 9:42 A.M.? • At that time: • Solar irradiance is rather high; • The shadows are reduced (except in winter). • It also statistically correspond to a period that minimizes the impact of morning fog and of afternoon convection.

  8. Path and Row • World Reference System-2 (WRS-2) • Divides earth into 233 paths (orbits) • Each path is divided into 248 rows • 57784 possible scenes; ~14,000 “land ” scenes

  9. Sidelap “Sidelap” is a function of latitude

  10. Overlapping

  11. Landsat 1st Generation Systems characteristics System Band Wavelength Region Resolution (m) (m) RBV 1 0.475-0.575 yellow-green 2 0.580-0.680 green-red 3 0.690-0.830 red-NIR MSS 4 0.5-0.6 green 80 5 0.6-0.7 red 80 6 0.7-0.8 NIR 80 7 0.8-1.1 NIR 80

  12. RBV Return Bean Vidicon (RBV)

  13. Spectral bands

  14. Pixel 30.4 x 106 pixels per scene x 6 bit = 1.2 x 108 bit per scene

  15. Optics

  16. Whiskbroom (Cross-track) Scanner

  17. Scanning

  18. Scanning

  19. Landsat 2nd Generation

  20. Landsat 2nd Generation Orbit Characterization Orbit: Sun-syncronous *Inclination: 98.2 *Period: 98.9 min *Equatorial crossing time: 9:45 A.M. *Revisit time: 16 days *Mean altitude: 705 km *Field of View (FOV): 185X170 km *Radiometric resolution: 8 bit

  21. Orbit

  22. Orbit

  23. Orbit

  24. Pixel

  25. Scanning

  26. Ground Receiving Stations

  27. Landsat 2nd generation Systems characteristics System Band Wavelength Region Resolution (m) (m) TM 1 0.45-0.52 blue-green 30 2 0.52-0.60 green 30 3 0.63-0.69 red 30 4 0.76-0.90 NIR 30 5 1.55-1.75 MIR 30 6 10.4-12.5 TIR 120 7 2.08-2.35 MIR 30

  28. Band setting

  29. Spatial Resolution

  30. Landsat 3rd Generation

  31. Landsat 3rd Generation Orbit Characterization Orbit: Sun-syncronous Inclination: 98.2 Period: 98.9 min *Equatorial crossing time: 10:00 AM Revisit time: 16 days *Mean altitude: 699 km *Field of View (FOV): 183 X 170 km Radiometric resolution: 8 bit

  32. Landsat 3rd Generation Systems characteristics System Band Wavelength Region Resolution (m) (m) ETM+ 1 0.45-0.52 blue-green 30 2 0.52-0.60 green 30 3 0.63-0.69 red 30 4 0.76-0.90 NIR 30 5 1.55-1.75 MIR 30 *6 10.4-12.5 TIR 60 7 2.08-2.35 MIR 30 *8 0.50-0.90 Pan 15

  33. Int. Ground Receiving Stations

  34. U.S. Ground Receiving Stations

  35. Landsat-7 Images Band 6 – 60m Bands 321 – 30m Pan Band – 15m

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