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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. By Ali Brooks and Sarah Anderson. Vocabulary. Agro forestry- crops and trees are grown together. Alley cropping- see agro forestry Aquaculture- raising and selling ocean life Chronic under nutrition- people who cannot buy or grow food suffer from this, another word for hunger.

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 By Ali Brooks and Sarah Anderson

  2. Vocabulary • Agro forestry- crops and trees are grown together. • Alley cropping- see agro forestry • Aquaculture- raising and selling ocean life • Chronic under nutrition- people who cannot buy or grow food suffer from this, another word for hunger. • Commercial inorganic fertilizer- produced from minerals to restore plants. • Compost- organic fertilizer produced when microorganisms in soil break down matter.

  3. Vocabulary • Conservation- tillage farming- uses machines that disturb the soil as little as possible • Contour farming- farming when the ground has a significant slope • Crop rotation- reduces losses of crops • Desertification- when the productive potential of dry lands falls by 10% • Famine- a shortage of food in an area and mass starvation.

  4. Vocabulary • Organic fertilizer- organic coming from plants or animals • Over nutrition- when too much food is taken in and it causes excess body fat • Pesticides- chemicals to kill or control pests • Plantation agriculture- a form of industrialized agriculture • Polyculture- a type of interplanting in which many different plants are planted together.

  5. Vocabulary • Polyvarietal cultivation- planting a plot with several variation of the same crop • Rill erosion- occurs when fast flowing little rivulets of surface water make small channels in the soil • Salinization- irrigation water in dry climates lead to gradual accumulation of salts in soil • Fish- farming- harvesting fish from being raised • Fish-ranching- holding fish in captivity for a while then releasing and harvesting them.

  6. Vocabulary • Food security- everyone in a given area has enough food to live a healthy life • Green manure- freshly cut or growing green vegetation in the soil • Green revolution- increased yields per unit of area of cropland • Gully erosion- rivulets of fast flowing water join in to cut wider and deeper gullies • Hunger- see chronic under nutrition

  7. Vocabulary • Industrialized agriculture- see plantation agriculture • Integrated pest management- environmentally sensitive approach to pest management • Intercropping- growing 2 or more crops close together • Interplanting- see intercropping • Malnutrition- results from unbalanced diet • Sheet erosion- slow acting form of erosion • Shelter belts- plantation of trees

  8. Vocabulary • Strip cropping- see crop rotation • Terracing- prevents rapid runoff from integration • Water logging- saturation of the soil by groundwater • Wind breaks- see shelter belt

  9. Objectives • What is food security – every person in a given area has daily access to enough nutritious food to have an active and healthy diet. • How serious are malnutrition and over nutrition- malnutrition can deplete vitamins and minerals in the body. Overeating and lack of exercise can lead to reduced life quality, poor health and premature death. • How is the worlds food produced- Croplands, rangelands, ocean fisheries and aquaculture.

  10. Objectives • How are soils being degraded and eroded, and what can be done to reduce these losses- It erodes faster than it is forming on more of the worlds cropland. Has lowered productivity because of drought and human activities. • What are the advantages and disadvantages of using genetic engineering to produce food- Disadvantages are lack of water, high costs for small farmers, and physical limits to increasing crop yields hinder expansion of the green revolution.

  11. Objectives • What are the environmental effects of producing food- Modern agriculture has a greater harmful environmental impact than any human activity. • What are the advantages and disadvantages of using genetic engineering to produce food- Loss of a variety of genetically different crop and livestock strains might limit the genetic raw material needed for future green and gene revolutions. • How can we produce more meat, fish and shellfish- we can mix the genes of similar types of organisms and mix the genes of different organisms.

  12. Objectives • How can we protect food resources from pests- organisms found in natural control populations of most pest species as part of the earths free ecological services we can use chemicals to repel or kill them • How do government policies effect food productions and food security- we can produce food more sustainably by reducing resource throughputs and working with nature. • How can we produce food more sustainably- presenting more research, demonstrating projects, government subsidies and training can promote organic agriculture

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