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Thymus & Hypothalamus

Thymus & Hypothalamus. Joan Daly and Antony Sare HAP Period 5. Overview of the Endocrine System. Instrumental in regulating: Mood Growth and development Tissue function Metabolism Sexual function and reproduction In charge of slow body processes, like cell growth. Specific Glands.

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Thymus & Hypothalamus

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  1. Thymus & Hypothalamus Joan Daly and Antony Sare HAP Period 5

  2. Overview of the Endocrine System • Instrumental in regulating: • Mood • Growth and development • Tissue function • Metabolism • Sexual function and reproduction • In charge of slow body processes, like cell growth

  3. Specific Glands Thymus Hypothalamus

  4. Location of Glands • Thymus  right next to the heart • Hypothalamus  above the brain stem

  5. Role & Function: Thymus • Controls immune mechanism • Promotes maturation of B-cells and T-cells • Becomes inactive later in life, leading to atrophy • Atrophy is why older people contract more diseases

  6. Role & Function: Hypothalamus • Maintains homeostasis • Contains specialized nuclei to maintain basic psychological functions • Body temperature • Blood pressure • Fluid and electrolyte balance • Digestion • Main cause of involuntary emotional choices

  7. Hormones • Hypothalamus secretes dopamine • Thymus secretes thymosin & thymopoietin thymosin thymopoietin dopamine

  8. Dopamine • Hormone produced in the hypothalamus, also considered to be a neurotransmitter • Affects diverse processes like muscle movement, thinking, emotion, motivation and pleasure • Fun fact: people with Parkinson’s disease have depleted levels of dopamine

  9. Thymosin • Hormone that plays an important role in regulating the immune system • Found in the thymus gland • Two types: • Alpha: play a role in dnatranscription • Beta: operate in the cellular cytoplasm and contribute to cell mobility • Together they function to detect the presence of autoimmune diseases and affect how T cells (germ-killing white blood cells) function

  10. Thymopoeitin • Also released by the thymus • Reside in cell nucleus and help out by maintaining the structural organization of the nuclear envelope • Also regulates the localization of chromosomes in the nuclear membrane • Mutations in thymopoietin result in cardiomyopathy

  11. Myasthenia Gravis • Atype of auto immune disorder (immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue) • Body produces antibodies that block the muscle cells from receiving messages (nerve impulses) • Associated with tumors of the thymus • Symptoms: difficult breathing, chewing, climbing stairs, talking… facial paralysis, fatigue, double vision

  12. Hypothalamic Disease • Caused by excessive dietary intake of iron, malnutrition, trauma, or tumors • Symptoms: headaches and vision problems, can increase hypothyroidism problems (affects the hormone production of pituitary and thyroid glands), altered body temperature, inability to control urination, excessive thirst, obesity and emotional disturbance • All depends on the severity of the disease

  13. Fun Facts

  14. Works Cited • "The Endocrine System." A New Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.anewlife.co.uk/hormones_endocrine_glands.html>. • "Endocrine System." Teens Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/body_basics/endocrine.html>. • Hormones of the Hypothalamus. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/Hypothalamus.html>. • "Hypothalamus." You & Your Hormones. N.p., Mar. 2011. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.yourhormones.info/glands/hypothalamus.aspx>. • McClure, Susan T. "Is dopamine a natural hormone in the body?" Livestrong. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/212467-is-dopamine-a-natural-hormone-in-the-body/>. • "Myasthenia gravis." PubMed Health. N.p., 18 June 2011. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001731>. • "The Role of the Hypothalamus." Phoenix Children's Hospital. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.phoenixchildrens.com/medical-specialties/barrow-neurological-institute/programs-services/hypothalamic-hamartoma-center/role-of-hypothalamus.html>. • Shmaefsky, Brian R. Applied Anatomy & Physiology. Comp. Jerri Adler et al. Montreal: Paradigm Publishing, Inc., 2007. Print. • "What Is a Thymosin?" WiseGeek. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-thymosin.htm>.

  15. Concept Check • 1. Describe the main function for the thymus and hypothalamus, and state where each is located. • 2. State the bodily processes dopamine regulates. • 3. Explain the difference between to the two types of thymosin, and what thymosin does. • 4. What is myasthenia gravis and how does it affect the body?

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