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The Electromagnetic Calorimeter of the future PANDA detector

The Electromagnetic Calorimeter of the future PANDA detector. P. Rosier Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (France) for the PANDA collaboration. PANDA Spectrometer on FAIR @ GSI ~2016. 1- The PANDA detector @ FAIR. Actual GSI. HESR. Central (Target Spectrometer). 1.94 m.

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The Electromagnetic Calorimeter of the future PANDA detector

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  1. The Electromagnetic Calorimeter of the future PANDA detector P. Rosier Institut de Physique Nucléaired’Orsay(France) for the PANDA collaboration PANDA Spectrometer on FAIR @ GSI ~2016

  2. 1- The PANDA detector @ FAIR Actual GSI HESR Central (Target Spectrometer) 1.94 m Forward Central 2 Tesla Solenoid Magnet Micro vertex Straw tubes (or TPC) DIRC-like Cerenkov Electromagnetic Calorimeter FAIR : Future Facility at GSI Darmstadt, Germany HESR : antiproton storage ring 1-15 GeV/c PANDA : 4π internal target detector

  3. 2- The electromagnetic calorimeter in the target spectrometer Scintillator Low Radiation length Low Moliere radius Fast response Compact geometry Nearly 4π coverage High rate capabilities Lead tungstate (PbWO4) Photo sensors APD (Barrel) VPT (Endcap) (// beam) Magnetic field 2T Concept as CMS ECAL BUT … Energy From 10 MeV to 15 GeV Need good energy resolution Barrel 11360 crystals Forward Endcap 3600 crystals Backward Endcap 592 crystals Beam 15552 crystals

  4. 3- General R&D to improve the efficiency 1-Improving the quality (light yield and optical transmission) Improve the light output of the PbWO4 by : 2-CooIing down the crystals down to -25°C 3-Improving the radiation hardness Improve the signal output from the photo sensors (large APD and VPT) R&D on the front-end electronics Low noise and low thermal consumption Mechanical concept Cooling design at -25°C STABILIZATION at +/-0.1°C (temp. dependency) Present activities : Irradiation studies (Bonn, Giessen, Protvino) APD selection/screening Front-End electronics development Operation of PROTO60 Detailed design of the barrel and forward endcap

  5. 4- Optimization of the PbWO4 and increase of the light output Optimization of the PbWO4(collaboration RINP, Minsk and the manufacturer BTCP at Bogoroditsk, Russia) • reduction of defects (oxygen vacancies) • reduced concentration of La-, Y-Doping • better selection of raw material • optimization of production technology +80% at room T° Development of the PWO-II : Light yield increased 3x3 matrix 20x20x200mm3 PM-readout 4x lighter if cooled down Response to high energy photons @MAMI, Mainz

  6. 5- Radiation hardness studies at low temperature The recovery time is faster at room temperature PMT output / a.u recovery at -25oC recovery at +20oC time / h Several irradiation benches (Bonn, Giessen, Protvino) Measurement of the decrease of optical transmission with  (at room T° due the linearity with low T°) Around 25% of decrease (preliminary measure) cooling machine -source crystal container

  7. 6- Recovery processes Recovery processes not fully understood Quantitative analysis of defect centers via EPR (MoO4)3- center : reflects the loss of optical transmission • Radiation resistance of 30 crystals • produced most recently • Induced absorption coefficient <1m-1 Recovery 25% / 4 days @ T = -25oC => Monitoring • The mass production is feasible • and the crystal specifications: • radiation hardness • light yield • will be well beyond the CMS quality

  8. 7- Large Avalanche Photo Diodes (Barrel) PANDA 10x10mm2 CMS 5x5mm2 HV / Signal cables In a dry nitrogen flooded light tight box PIN diode APD holder PANDA II 7x14mm2 Rectangular LAAPDs (prototype available mid 2008) 2 x to achieve 27 % of readout area and for redundancy APD screening equipment Cooling pipes Based on the CMS experiment, and in collaboration with Hamamatsu Photonics R&D on Large Area Avalanche Photo Diode to be implemented in the barrel Excellent performance • at RT and T = –25°C Radiation resistant • up to 1013 protons • in particular at T = -25°C • Tests with proton neutrons photons Nuclear counter effect not significant

  9. 8-Vacuum Photo Triodes (Forward Endcap) VPT specifications external diameter 22mm overall length: 46mm or less gain: 10-30 or more quantum efficiency: > 20% operational temperature range: -30 C to 35 C rate capability >500 kHz Possible suppliers Photonis Q.E. improved (above 30%) Gain RIE (default) Photo-Tetrode CMS experience Hamamatsu ? R&D on the VPTs for the forward endcap (// magnetic field) Hit rates simulation in the forward endcap

  10. 9-Front-end electronics: Discrete preamplifier development Since 2004, R&D on low noise preamplifier with discrete components.Development of a single preamplifier - Construction of a “quad preamplifier” The existing preamplifier works with: • Low noise: 1600e rms @ -25°C/ shaping time 250ns/ LAAPD (270pF) • Low Power Consumption: 50 mW • Time resolution <2ns, E>200MeV • Rise time: 16ns • Sensitivity 0.5V/pC @ 50 Four channels preamplifier mounted in the proto 60 2006: SP883-quad 2004: SP883-single => adapted recently to readout the forward endcap

  11. 10-Front-end electronics: ASIC development New ASIC for 2 channelswhich shows good performance Channel 1 Channel 2 DAC 1 DAC 2 Power Consumption Simulation Results Charge sensitive preamplifier : 10 mW Shaper (integrator): 15 mW Differential output driver Buffer: 17 mW  42 mW per channel For the APD readout of the barrel: R&D on an ASIC Charge preamplifier Requirements for first prototype • Large dynamic range: 1 MeV – 5 GeV • Low noise • Low consumption device @ T = -25° C PCB for tests first chip prototype One channel preamplifer

  12. 11- Design of the barrel and R&D on composites Barrel slice (1/16) 710 crystals 11 crystal types Alveoles Longueur 2.5 m Rayon 0.57 m Upper thermal screen Aluminum insert Crystals Carbon fiber alveole (transparency/rigidity) Loading tests and simulations

  13. 12- Thermo-mechanical design for the low temperature Thermal expansion (mechanical design) Dry atmosphere to avoid moisture or ice Need low thermal consumption electronics Good thermal screen (low thickness in front) Thermo-mechanical design (thermal bridges) Cooling at -25°C stabilized at +/-0.1°C 5 %/°C temperature dependency of the crystal-APD Simulations to define the APD-preamplifier link Rohacell Aluminum @ 20°C BF862 Δ+4°C Super-insulation Carbon @ -25°C AD8011 Δ+3°C APD connector Δ+2.5°C R&D Front thermal screen Preliminary temperature simulation (50mW) Quad preamplifier Vacuum panel

  14. 13- Prototype 60 crystals Crystals by 4 Back view of the proto 60 Final mounting: with the optical fibers for laser calibration Barrel prototype type 6: full scale representative part of one slice Back PCB Insulated sealed box with thermal screens Inserts and carbon alveoles Bottom mechanical support

  15. 14- First tests with the 60 crystals prototype Cosmic rays measured during calibration @ -25°C Nitrogen flowing High voltage supply Ambient air: +/-2°C Crystals sensors: +/-0.05°C Temperature measurement over 24 hours: Crystals stability +/-0.05°C DAQ rack Chiller Chiller: +/-0.01°C Beam test in July 2008

  16. 15- Forward Endcap The forward endcap concept in the target spectrometer Radius: 0.92m @ 2.1m from target Geometry made of 3600 identical crystals Integration of the thermo-mechanical design

  17. 9- First prototype of 16 crystals for the forward Endcap 16 crystals, surrounded by 48 dummies for strength and stiffness tests Thermo mechanical tests Carbon fiber alveoles production (industrial Fiberworkx BV, Groningen) Mounting tests photon response tests in 2008

  18. 10- Conclusion The Electromagnetic calorimeter Technical Design Report is under construction and almost finished The mass production of the 15552 crystals will start soon Construction in 2009-2010: 1- A barrel slice prototype of 710 crystals 2- A forward endcap prototype of 192 crystals (used as spare modules) Phase 1 of the PANDA physics program for 2014 http://www-panda.gsi.de Spokesperson: Ulrich Wiedner – Bochum Deputy: Paolo Gianotti - LNF

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