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Background Multi-polarization for Sea Ice Polarimetric Signatures Scattering Mechanisms

Polarimetric Sea Ice Applications. Background Multi-polarization for Sea Ice Polarimetric Signatures Scattering Mechanisms Polarimetric Classification. Sea Ice Application. SAR is well-suited to ice monitoring application

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Background Multi-polarization for Sea Ice Polarimetric Signatures Scattering Mechanisms

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  1. Polarimetric Sea Ice Applications • Background • Multi-polarization for Sea Ice • Polarimetric Signatures • Scattering Mechanisms • Polarimetric Classification

  2. Sea Ice Application • SAR is well-suited to ice monitoring application • Significant driver for RADARSAT-1 program development • Fully operational use of space-borne SAR internationally • However, single-channel SARs suffer limitations, particularly outside of cold winter conditions and in marginal ice zones.

  3. Interpretation/Analysis Issues • Ambiguity between water and ice at low incidence angles and in high wind conditions • Confusion between open water and thin ice conditions • Masking of ice signatures under wet (spring) conditions • Inability to robustly and unambiguously separate between ice types (growth stages)

  4. Ice Water Ambiguity (1)

  5. Backscatter Curves from Scatterometer Data

  6. Wet Ice conditions

  7. Ice-Water Ambiguity (2)

  8. CV-580: Resolute Bay • Little difference between HH and VV • Stronger FY-MY contrast in cross-polarization • Stronger contrast of deformations and fractures in cross-polarization

  9. SIR-C: Gulf of St. Lawrence

  10. C-band polarization ratios of the Labrador Sea acquired by SIR-C show the use of the like-polarization ratio for improving the contrast of the first-year ice/water boundary.

  11. Linear Polarization

  12. Linear Polarization

  13. Polarimetric Signatures - Beaufort Sea C-Band Co-pol Response of Young and Ridged Ice

  14. Polarimetric Signatures - Beaufort Sea L- and C-Band Co-pol response @ 45°

  15. Polarimetric Signatures - Resolute Bay Smooth First-Year Ice with 12 cm snow cover First-Year Ice with plates of thin ice below 30 cm snow cover

  16. Co-polarization C-band signatures of new, gray, rough gray, and desalinated sea ice types from scatterometer measurements. Note the change in the peak polarization response as the ice ages from new to desalinated ice types

  17. Polarimetric Discriminants

  18. Polarimetric Discriminants

  19. Polarimetric Discriminants & Classification

  20. Supervised Classification

  21. Classified image of the north shore of PEI using CV-580 polarimetric C-band SAR data using a complex Wishart classifier with 8 initial classes and 12 iterations

  22. Unsupervised Classification

  23. L-band entropy, anisotropy, and alpha-angle images for the Labrador Sea demonstrating the improved contrast of ice/water using the entropy parameter. H A a

  24. H A a Entropy (H), Anisotropy (A), and Alpha-Angle for images from CV-580 data off the North shore of PEI in March, 2001. The bottom image shows land, while fast ice is highlighted in the centre image and rough first-year ice in the top image

  25. Total power images of the Freeman-Durden decomposition of C-L, and P-band AIRSAR data showing surface versus volume scattering.

  26. Ice type classification results using AIRSAR data and an entropy based polarimetric decomposition using eight classes and 12 iterations

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